महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-81

तं परे नाभ्यवर्तन्त मर्त्या मृत्युमिवागतम् ।
अथान्यं रथमास्थाय हार्दिक्योऽपि न्यवर्तत ॥८१॥

81. taṁ pare nābhyavartanta martyā mṛtyumivāgatam ,
athānyaṁ rathamāsthāya hārdikyo'pi nyavartata.

81. taṃ pare na abhyavartanta martyāḥ mṛtyum iva āgatam
atha anyaṃ ratham āsthāya hārdikyaḥ api nyavartata

81. pare taṃ na abhyavartanta iva martyāḥ āgatam mṛtyum
atha hārdikyaḥ api anyaṃ ratham āsthāya nyavartata

81. The others (his enemies) did not approach him, just as mortals would not approach imminent death. Then, Hārdikya (Kṛtavarman) also retreated, having mounted another chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तं (taṁ) - the warrior who was showering arrows in the previous verse (him)

• परे (pare) - the others, the enemies

• न (na) - not

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they did not approach, they did not turn towards

• मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आगतम् (āgatam) - who has come, approaching

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• अन्यं (anyaṁ) - another

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having resorted to

• हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Kṛtavarman (Hārdikya)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - he retreated, he turned back

Words meanings and morphology

तं (taṁ) - the warrior who was showering arrows in the previous verse (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परे (pare) - the others, the enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, superior

Note: substantivized adjective, refers to the opponents of the warrior from the previous verse.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they did not approach, they did not turn towards

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛt

Imperfect Middle

3rd person plural, middle voice, with prefixes abhi + ava

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human being

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आगतम् (āgatam) - who has come, approaching

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

formed from root gam (to go) with prefix ā + kta (pp)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: agrees with mṛtyum

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अन्यं (anyaṁ) - another

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another

Note: agrees with ratham

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having resorted to

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā + suffix -lyaP

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Kṛtavarman (Hārdikya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hārdikya

hārdikya - descendant of Hṛdika, Kṛtavarman

patronymic of Kṛtavarman

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - he retreated, he turned back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛt

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular, middle voice, with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)