महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-66

शल्यानुजं हतं दृष्ट्वा तावकास्त्यक्तजीविताः ।
वित्रेसुः पाण्डवभयाद्रजोध्वस्तास्तथा भृशम् ॥६६॥

66. śalyānujaṁ hataṁ dṛṣṭvā tāvakāstyaktajīvitāḥ ,
vitresuḥ pāṇḍavabhayādrajodhvastāstathā bhṛśam.

66. śalyānujam hatam dṛṣṭvā tāvakāḥ tyaktajīvitāḥ
vitresuḥ pāṇḍavabhayāt rajaḥdhvastāḥ tathā bhṛśam

66. śalyānujam hatam dṛṣṭvā tāvakāḥ tyaktajīvitāḥ
rajaḥdhvastāḥ pāṇḍavabhayāt tathā bhṛśam vitresuḥ

66. Upon seeing Śalya's younger brother slain, your warriors, having given up all hope for their lives and covered in dust, trembled greatly from fear of the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यानुजम् (śalyānujam) - Śalya's younger brother

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Duryodhana's warriors/allies (your people, those belonging to you (Duryodhana's side))

• त्यक्तजीविताः (tyaktajīvitāḥ) - having abandoned life, hopeless, despairing

• वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they were terrified

• पाण्डवभयात् (pāṇḍavabhayāt) - from fear of the Pāṇḍavas

• रजःध्वस्ताः (rajaḥdhvastāḥ) - covered/obscured by dust

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, also

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यानुजम् (śalyānujam) - Śalya's younger brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalyānuja

śalyānuja - younger brother of Śalya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śalya+anuja)

• śalya – Śalya (name of the Madra king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anuja – younger brother
  noun (masculine)
  From root jan with prefix anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies śalyānujam.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Governs the accusative objects śalyānujam hatam.

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Duryodhana's warriors/allies (your people, those belonging to you (Duryodhana's side))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you (plural, implying 'your people' or 'your army')

Derived from 'tva' (you)

Note: Subject of vitresuḥ.

त्यक्तजीविताः (tyaktajīvitāḥ) - having abandoned life, hopeless, despairing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tyaktajīvita

tyaktajīvita - one who has abandoned life, despairing

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+jīvita)

• tyakta – abandoned, relinquished, given up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tyaj (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies tāvakāḥ.

वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they were terrified

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of tras

Perfect Active

From root tras (to tremble) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पाण्डवभयात् (pāṇḍavabhayāt) - from fear of the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pāṇḍavabhaya

pāṇḍavabhaya - fear of the Pāṇḍavas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+bhaya)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the source of fear.

रजःध्वस्ताः (rajaḥdhvastāḥ) - covered/obscured by dust

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rajaḥdhvasta

rajaḥdhvasta - covered with dust, obscured by dust

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rajas+dhvasta)

• rajas – dust, dirt, pollen
  noun (neuter)
• dhvasta – obscured, destroyed, ruined, scattered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhvaṃs (to fall, to scatter)
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Modifies tāvakāḥ.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial intensifier, also connecting the state.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying vitresuḥ.