महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-27

तमग्रणीः सर्वधनुर्धराणामेकं चरन्तं समरेऽतिवेगम् ।
भीमः शतेन व्यकिरच्छराणां माद्रीपुत्रः सहदेवस्तथैव ॥२७॥

27. tamagraṇīḥ sarvadhanurdharāṇā;mekaṁ carantaṁ samare'tivegam ,
bhīmaḥ śatena vyakiraccharāṇāṁ; mādrīputraḥ sahadevastathaiva.

27. tam agraṇīḥ sarvadhanurdharāṇām
ekam carantam samare ativegam
bhīmaḥ śatena vyakirat śarāṇām
mādrīputraḥ sahadevaḥ tathā eva

27. agraṇīḥ sarvadhanurdharāṇām bhīmaḥ
samare ekam ativegam carantam
tam śarāṇām śatena vyakirat
tathā eva mādrīputraḥ sahadevaḥ

27. Bhīma, the foremost of all bow-wielders, showered him (Śalya), who was fighting alone and with great speed in battle, with a hundred arrows. And Mādrī's son, Sahadeva, did likewise.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Śalya) (him, that (one))

• अग्रणीः (agraṇīḥ) - the foremost (warrior) (leader, chief, foremost)

• सर्वधनुर्धराणाम् (sarvadhanurdharāṇām) - of all bow-wielders

• एकम् (ekam) - alone, solitary, one

• चरन्तम् (carantam) - fighting (moving in battle) (moving, roaming, acting)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• अतिवेगम् (ativegam) - with great speed, extremely swift

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

• शतेन (śatena) - with a hundred (arrows) (by a hundred, with a hundred)

• व्यकिरत् (vyakirat) - scattered, showered, dispersed

• शराणाम् (śarāṇām) - of arrows

• माद्रीपुत्रः (mādrīputraḥ) - Sahadeva (son of Mādrī)

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

• एव (eva) - even, just, indeed

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Śalya) (him, that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Śalya.

अग्रणीः (agraṇīḥ) - the foremost (warrior) (leader, chief, foremost)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agraṇī

agraṇī - leader, chief, foremost, pioneer

agent noun

Compound of agra (front) and the root nī (to lead).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agra+nī)

• agra – front, tip, chief, first
  noun (neuter)
• nī – leader (from root nī, to lead)
  noun (masculine)
  Root noun from nī.
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Apposition to 'bhīmaḥ'.

सर्वधनुर्धराणाम् (sarvadhanurdharāṇām) - of all bow-wielders

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadhanurdhara

sarvadhanurdhara - all bow-wielders, all archers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dhanurdhara)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• dhanurdhara – bow-wielder, archer
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of dhanus (bow) and dhara (bearer).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Governs 'agraṇīḥ' (foremost among).

एकम् (ekam) - alone, solitary, one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique, solitary

चरन्तम् (carantam) - fighting (moving in battle) (moving, roaming, acting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of carat

car - to move, to roam, to walk, to perform, to fight

Present Active Participle

Formed from root car (class 1) with suffix -at.

Root: car (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict, encounter

From sam-ṛ (to meet, to go together).

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

अतिवेगम् (ativegam) - with great speed, extremely swift

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ativega

ativega - great speed, extreme velocity; very swift (as adjective)

Compound of ati (very, excessive) and vega (speed).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+vega)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, very, excessive
  indeclinable
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  From root vij (to move quickly).
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Śalya) and 'carantam'.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable, dreadful (also a proper name)

From root bhī (to fear) with suffix -ma.

Root: bhī (class 3)

शतेन (śatena) - with a hundred (arrows) (by a hundred, with a hundred)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śata

śata - a hundred

व्यकिरत् (vyakirat) - scattered, showered, dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of kṛ

imperfect active 3rd singular

From root kṛ (class 6, 'to scatter') with prefix vi; augment 'a' for imperfect combines with 'vi' to 'vy'.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 6)

शराणाम् (śarāṇām) - of arrows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṝ (class 9)

माद्रीपुत्रः (mādrīputraḥ) - Sahadeva (son of Mādrī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Mādrī (a name for Nakula and Sahadeva)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Mādrī (name of a queen, co-wife of Kuntī and mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (the youngest of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saha+deva)

• saha – with, together with, along with
  indeclinable
• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)

Note: Co-referent with 'mādrīputraḥ', also a subject.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - even, just, indeed

(indeclinable)