महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-13

ततस्तु तूर्णं समरे महारथौ परस्परस्यान्तरमीक्षमाणौ ।
शरैर्भृशं विव्यधतुर्नृपोत्तमौ महाबलौ शत्रुभिरप्रधृष्यौ ॥१३॥

13. tatastu tūrṇaṁ samare mahārathau; parasparasyāntaramīkṣamāṇau ,
śarairbhṛśaṁ vivyadhaturnṛpottamau; mahābalau śatrubhirapradhṛṣyau.

13. tataḥ tu tūrṇaṃ samare mahārathau
parasparasya antaram īkṣamāṇau
śaraiḥ bhṛśaṃ vivyadhatuḥ nṛpottamau
mahābalau śatrubhiḥ apradhṛṣyau

13. tataḥ tu samare mahārathau nṛpottamau
mahābalau śatrubhiḥ apradhṛṣyau
parasparasya antaram īkṣamāṇau
tūrṇaṃ śaraiḥ bhṛśaṃ vivyadhatuḥ

13. Then, in that battle, those two great charioteers, who were supreme among kings, immensely powerful, and unassailable by enemies, swiftly observed each other's vulnerable spots and pierced them greatly with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - the two great charioteers

• परस्परस्य (parasparasya) - of each other, mutually

• अन्तरम् (antaram) - interval, difference, vulnerable spot, weakness

• ईक्षमाणौ (īkṣamāṇau) - observing, looking at, seeking

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• भृशं (bhṛśaṁ) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

• विव्यधतुः (vivyadhatuḥ) - they pierced, they struck

• नृपोत्तमौ (nṛpottamau) - the two best among kings, the two supreme kings

• महाबलौ (mahābalau) - the two greatly powerful ones, the two mighty ones

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

• अप्रधृष्यौ (apradhṛṣyau) - the two unassailable ones, the two invincible ones

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Avyaya (adverb)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle, often indicates slight contrast or continuation

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From √tvar (to hurry). Used adverbially here.

Root: tvar (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From sam + √ṛ (to go, to move)

महारथौ (mahārathau) - the two great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Karmadhāraya compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ratha' (chariot/warrior on a chariot)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'vivyadhatuḥ'

परस्परस्य (parasparasya) - of each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

From 'para' (other) + 'para'

Note: Qualifies 'antaram'

अन्तरम् (antaram) - interval, difference, vulnerable spot, weakness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antara

antara - interior, interval, space between, vulnerable spot, opportunity

ईक्षमाणौ (īkṣamāṇau) - observing, looking at, seeking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of īkṣamāṇa

īkṣamāṇa - observing, seeing, looking

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From √īkṣ (to see, to look) + śānac suffix

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial participle, describing the action of the main subjects

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrument of 'vivyadhatuḥ'

भृशं (bhṛśaṁ) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially

Note: Modifies 'vivyadhatuḥ'

विव्यधतुः (vivyadhatuḥ) - they pierced, they struck

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect (liṭ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person dual

Reduplicated perfect form of √vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

नृपोत्तमौ (nṛpottamau) - the two best among kings, the two supreme kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nṛpottama

nṛpottama - best of kings, supreme king

Compound: 'nṛpa' (king) + 'uttama' (best, supreme)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa or karmadhāraya (nṛpa+uttama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')
  noun (masculine)
  From nṛ (man) + √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' (up)

महाबलौ (mahābalau) - the two greatly powerful ones, the two mighty ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful, mighty

Karmadhāraya or Bahuvrīhi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'bala' (strength)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Note: Agent for 'apradhṛṣyau'

अप्रधृष्यौ (apradhṛṣyau) - the two unassailable ones, the two invincible ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of apradhṛṣya

apradhṛṣya - unassailable, invincible, irresistible

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: 'a' (not) + 'pra' (prefix) + '√dhṛṣ' (to dare, to assault) + 'ya' (gerundive suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pradhṛṣya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• pradhṛṣya – assailable, to be assaulted
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
  From pra + √dhṛṣ (to dare, to assault)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)