महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-30

तं चापि राजानमथोत्पतन्तं क्रुद्धं यथैवान्तकमापतन्तम् ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो द्रौपदेयाः शिखण्डी शिनेश्च नप्ता सहसा परीयुः ॥३०॥

30. taṁ cāpi rājānamathotpatantaṁ; kruddhaṁ yathaivāntakamāpatantam ,
dhṛṣṭadyumno draupadeyāḥ śikhaṇḍī; śineśca naptā sahasā parīyuḥ.

30. tam ca api rājānam atha utpatantam
kruddham yathā eva antakam āpatantam
| dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ draupadeyāḥ
śikhaṇḍī śineḥ ca naptā sahasā parīyuḥ

30. atha dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ,
draupadeyāḥ,
śikhaṇḍī,
ca śineḥ naptā (sātyakiḥ) sahasā tam rājānam,
api utpatantam,
kruddham,
yathā eva antakam āpatantam (śalyam) parīyuḥ

30. Then, as that enraged king (Śalya) rose up, rushing like Death (Antaka) itself, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the sons of Draupadī, Śikhaṇḍī, and Śini's grandson (Sātyaki) suddenly surrounded him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the king, Śalya) (him, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, indeed)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - that king (Śalya) (king)

• अथ (atha) - then, as (then, now, thereupon)

• उत्पतन्तम् (utpatantam) - rising up (to attack) (rising up, springing forth, attacking)

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (by the previous fight) (enraged, angry, furious)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

• एव (eva) - itself (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• अन्तकम् (antakam) - Death (Antaka) (the Ender, Death, destroyer)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing (like Death) (falling upon, rushing, approaching)

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (commander of the Pāṇḍava army) (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))

• द्रौपदेयाः (draupadeyāḥ) - the five sons of Draupadī (Upapāṇḍavas) (sons of Draupadī)

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī (a warrior on the Pāṇḍava side) (Śikhaṇḍī (proper name))

• शिनेः (śineḥ) - of Śini (ancestor of Sātyaki) (of Śini)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नप्ता (naptā) - grandson (Sātyaki) (grandson, descendant)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

• परीयुः (parīyuḥ) - they surrounded (him) (they surrounded, they went around)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the king, Śalya) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of parīyuḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'rājānam'.

राजानम् (rājānam) - that king (Śalya) (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to Śalya.

अथ (atha) - then, as (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates time sequence.

उत्पतन्तम् (utpatantam) - rising up (to attack) (rising up, springing forth, attacking)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utpatat

utpatat - rising, springing up, flying up, attacking

Present Active Participle

From ut-√pat (to fly up, to rise).

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānam'.

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (by the previous fight) (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From √krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānam'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces comparison.

एव (eva) - itself (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the comparison.

अन्तकम् (antakam) - Death (Antaka) (the Ender, Death, destroyer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - the Ender, Death (often Yama), destroyer

From anta (end) + -ka suffix.

Note: Object of comparison.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing (like Death) (falling upon, rushing, approaching)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling upon, rushing towards, approaching

Present Active Participle

From ā-√pat (to fall upon, to rush).

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'antakam'.

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (commander of the Pāṇḍava army) (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name, 'bold splendor')

Compound of dhṛṣṭa (bold) + dyumna (splendor).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhṛṣ (to be bold).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – splendor, wealth, glory
  noun (masculine)

Note: One of the subjects of parīyuḥ.

द्रौपदेयाः (draupadeyāḥ) - the five sons of Draupadī (Upapāṇḍavas) (sons of Draupadī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of draupadeya

draupadeya - son of Draupadī

Patronymic from Draupadī.

Note: Subjects of parīyuḥ.

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī (a warrior on the Pāṇḍava side) (Śikhaṇḍī (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍī (proper name), wearing a crest/tuft

Note: One of the subjects of parīyuḥ.

शिनेः (śineḥ) - of Śini (ancestor of Sātyaki) (of Śini)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śini

śini - Śini (proper name, an ancestor of the Yādavas)

Note: Possessive for 'naptā'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Śikhaṇḍī and Śini's grandson.

नप्ता (naptā) - grandson (Sātyaki) (grandson, descendant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant, nephew

Note: Refers to Sātyaki, Śini's grandson.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

परीयुः (parīyuḥ) - they surrounded (him) (they surrounded, they went around)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of i

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd plural, with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)