महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-39

निरीक्षितो वै नरदेव राज्ञा पूतात्मना निर्हृतकल्मषेण ।
अभून्न यद्भस्मसान्मद्रराजस्तदद्भुतं मे प्रतिभाति राजन् ॥३९॥

39. nirīkṣito vai naradeva rājñā; pūtātmanā nirhṛtakalmaṣeṇa ,
abhūnna yadbhasmasānmadrarāja;stadadbhutaṁ me pratibhāti rājan.

39. nirīkṣitaḥ vai naradeva rājñā
pūta ātmanā nirhṛta kalmaṣeṇa
abhūt na yat bhasmasāt madrarājaḥ
tat adbhutam me pratibhāti rājan

39. naradeva rājan,
yat pūta ātmanā nirhṛta kalmaṣeṇa rājñā nirīkṣitaḥ vai bhasmasāt na abhūt,
tat me adbhutam pratibhāti

39. O king, it appears wonderful to me that the king of the Madras, having been gazed upon by the king (Yudhiṣṭhira), whose self (ātman) was purified and whose impurities were removed, did not instantly turn into ashes.

Words meanings summery:

• निरीक्षितः (nirīkṣitaḥ) - Śalya, having been intensely gazed at by Yudhiṣṭhira (having been looked at, having been observed)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• नरदेव (naradeva) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king, O lord of men)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by Yudhiṣṭhira (by the king)

• पूत (pūta) - purified, clean, pure

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by his pure self (by the self, by the soul (ātman))

• निर्हृत (nirhṛta) - removed, taken away, extracted

• कल्मषेण (kalmaṣeṇa) - by his removed sins/impurities (by sin, by impurity, by stain)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - he (Śalya) did not become (he/it became, he/it was)

• न (na) - not, no

• यत् (yat) - the fact that (that (relative pronoun), which)

• भस्मसात् (bhasmasāt) - into ashes, reduced to ashes

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - King Śalya (the king of the Madras)

• तत् (tat) - that fact (of not turning to ashes) (that (demonstrative pronoun), this)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, astonishing, marvelous

• मे (me) - to me, my, for me

• प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - it appears, it shines, it occurs to

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

Words meanings and morphology

निरीक्षितः (nirīkṣitaḥ) - Śalya, having been intensely gazed at by Yudhiṣṭhira (having been looked at, having been observed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirīkṣita

nirīkṣita - looked at, beheld, seen, observed

Past Passive Participle

From root īkṣ with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'madrarājaḥ'

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

नरदेव (naradeva) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naradeva

naradeva - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+deva)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, divine being, lord
  noun (masculine)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by Yudhiṣṭhira (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पूत (pūta) - purified, clean, pure

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pūta

pūta - purified, cleansed, pure

Past Passive Participle

From root pū (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ātmanā', part of 'pūtātmanā'

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by his pure self (by the self, by the soul (ātman))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit (ātman), individual soul, essence

Note: Part of the compound 'pūtātmanā', referring to Yudhiṣṭhira

निर्हृत (nirhṛta) - removed, taken away, extracted

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nirhṛta

nirhṛta - taken away, removed, extracted

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛ with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kalmaṣeṇa', part of 'nirhṛtakalmaṣeṇa'

कल्मषेण (kalmaṣeṇa) - by his removed sins/impurities (by sin, by impurity, by stain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kalmaṣa

kalmaṣa - stain, spot, impurity, sin, vice

Note: Part of the compound 'nirhṛtakalmaṣeṇa', referring to Yudhiṣṭhira

अभूत् (abhūt) - he (Śalya) did not become (he/it became, he/it was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, of root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - the fact that (that (relative pronoun), which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

भस्मसात् (bhasmasāt) - into ashes, reduced to ashes

(indeclinable)

Formed from bhasman + sāt (suffix indicating transformation)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - King Śalya (the king of the Madras)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – Madra (name of a country and its people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that fact (of not turning to ashes) (that (demonstrative pronoun), this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, astonishing, marvelous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvelous, extraordinary; a wonder

मे (me) - to me, my, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular

प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - it appears, it shines, it occurs to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pratibhā

Present tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, present tense, Parasmaipada, of root bhā with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: bhā (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler