महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-57

ततो युधिष्ठिरश्चापमादायेन्द्रधनुष्प्रभम् ।
व्यधमद्द्विषतः संख्ये खगराडिव पन्नगान् ।
देहासून्निशितैर्भल्लै रिपूणां नाशयन्क्षणात् ॥५७॥

57. tato yudhiṣṭhiraścāpamādāyendradhanuṣprabham ,
vyadhamaddviṣataḥ saṁkhye khagarāḍiva pannagān ,
dehāsūnniśitairbhallai ripūṇāṁ nāśayankṣaṇāt.

57. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ cāpam ādāya
indradhanuṣprabham vyadhamat dviṣataḥ
saṃkhye khagarāṭ iva pannagān dehāsūn
niśitaiḥ bhallaiḥ ripūṇām nāśayan kṣaṇāt

57. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ indradhanuṣprabham cāpam ādāya,
saṃkhye dviṣataḥ vyadhamat,
khagarāṭ iva pannagān,
niśitaiḥ bhallaiḥ ripūṇām dehāsūn kṣaṇāt nāśayan

57. Then Yudhiṣṭhira, taking up a bow shining like Indra's rainbow, instantly scattered the enemies in battle with sharp arrows, destroying the bodies and vital breaths of his foes, just as Garuḍa, the king of birds, destroys serpents.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking up

• इन्द्रधनुष्प्रभम् (indradhanuṣprabham) - shining like Indra's bow, rainbow-like

• व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - scattered, dispersed (dispersed, shattered, destroyed)

• द्विषतः (dviṣataḥ) - the enemies (enemies, haters)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

• खगराट् (khagarāṭ) - Garuḍa, the king of birds (king of birds (Garuḍa))

• इव (iva) - like, just as (like, as, as if)

• पन्नगान् (pannagān) - serpents, snakes

• देहासून् (dehāsūn) - bodies and lives/vital breaths

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharpened, whetted, sharp

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with sharp-pointed arrows (with arrows, with darts)

• रिपूणाम् (ripūṇām) - of his foes (of the enemies)

• नाशयन् (nāśayan) - destroying, causing to perish

• क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of vyadhamat.

चापम् (cāpam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow

Note: Object of ādāya.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dā (to give, take) with prefix ā- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

इन्द्रधनुष्प्रभम् (indradhanuṣprabham) - shining like Indra's bow, rainbow-like

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of indradhanuṣprabha

indradhanuṣprabha - having the radiance/splendor of Indra's bow (rainbow)

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+dhanus+prabhā)

• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• dhanus – bow, rainbow
  noun (neuter)
• prabhā – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies cāpam.

व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - scattered, dispersed (dispersed, shattered, destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadham

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Prefix: vi

Root: dham (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

द्विषतः (dviṣataḥ) - the enemies (enemies, haters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - hating, hostile, enemy

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √dviṣ (to hate)

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Object of vyadhamat.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, encounter, enumeration

Note: Adverbial.

खगराट् (khagarāṭ) - Garuḍa, the king of birds (king of birds (Garuḍa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khagarāj

khagarāj - king of birds, Garuḍa

Compound type : tatpurusha (khaga+rājan)

• khaga – bird (lit. moving in the sky)
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Implied subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

पन्नगान् (pannagān) - serpents, snakes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake (lit. 'creeping with feet/wings')

Compound type : tatpurusha (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, gone
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √pad (to go, fall)
  Root: pad (class 4)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective
  Derived from root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

देहासून् (dehāsūn) - bodies and lives/vital breaths

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dehāsu

dehāsu - body and vital breath/life

Compound type : dvandva (deha+asu)

• deha – body
  noun (masculine)
• asu – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharpened, whetted, sharp

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, sharp

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with sharp-pointed arrows (with arrows, with darts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, dart

Note: Instrument for vyadhamat and nāśayan.

रिपूणाम् (ripūṇām) - of his foes (of the enemies)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

Note: Possessive, modifies dehāsūn.

नाशयन् (nāśayan) - destroying, causing to perish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāśayat

nāśayat - destroying, causing to perish

Present Active Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative of root √naś (to perish)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Acts as a concurrent action to vyadhamat.

क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial.