महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-31

अथास्य चर्माप्रतिमं न्यकृन्तद्भीमो महात्मा दशभिः पृषत्कः ।
खड्गं च भल्लैर्निचकर्त मुष्टौ नदन्प्रहृष्टस्तव सैन्यमध्ये ॥३१॥

31. athāsya carmāpratimaṁ nyakṛnta;dbhīmo mahātmā daśabhiḥ pṛṣatkaḥ ,
khaḍgaṁ ca bhallairnicakarta muṣṭau; nadanprahṛṣṭastava sainyamadhye.

31. atha asya carma apratimam nyakṛntat
bhīmaḥ mahātmā daśabhiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ
| khaḍgam ca bhallaiḥ nicakarta muṣṭau
nadan prahṛṣṭaḥ tava sainyamadhye

31. atha mahātmā bhīmaḥ nadan prahṛṣṭaḥ
asya apratimam carma daśabhiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ
nyakṛntat ca (saḥ) muṣṭau khaḍgam
bhallaiḥ nicakarta tava sainyamadhye

31. Then, the great-souled Bhīma, roaring and greatly delighted, cut down Śalya's matchless shield with ten arrows. In the midst of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) army, he also cut off Śalya's sword at the hilt with lances.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अस्य (asya) - his (Śalya's) (his, of him, of this)

• चर्म (carma) - shield (shield, skin, hide)

• अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - matchless (incomparable, matchless, unequalled)

• न्यकृन्तत् (nyakṛntat) - he cut down (he cut down, he severed)

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍavas) (Bhīma (proper name), terrible)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled (Bhīma) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (with ten)

• पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

• खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - (Śalya's) sword (sword)

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with lances (with lances, with darts)

• निचकर्त (nicakarta) - he cut off (he cut off, he severed)

• मुष्टौ (muṣṭau) - at the hilt (of the sword) (in the hilt, in the fist, in the handle)

• नदन् (nadan) - roaring (roaring, shouting, thundering)

• प्रहृष्टः (prahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly delighted (greatly delighted, extremely joyful, exhilarated)

• तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your (singular))

• सैन्यमध्ये (sainyamadhye) - in the midst of your army (in the midst of the army)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence.

अस्य (asya) - his (Śalya's) (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Possessive for 'carma'.

चर्म (carma) - shield (shield, skin, hide)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carman

carman - shield, skin, hide, leather

Note: Object of nyakṛntat.

अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - matchless (incomparable, matchless, unequalled)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apratima

apratima - incomparable, matchless, unequalled

Compound: a- (negation) + pratima (comparison).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratima)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pratima – image, likeness, comparison
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'carma'.

न्यकृन्तत् (nyakṛntat) - he cut down (he cut down, he severed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of kṛt

Imperfect tense (laṅ) 3rd singular, with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛt (class 6)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍavas) (Bhīma (proper name), terrible)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (a proper name), terrible, formidable, dreadful

From √bhī (to fear) + -ma suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of nyakṛntat and nicakarta.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled (Bhīma) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted; a great person

Bahuvrīhi compound: mahā (great) + ātman (soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – soul (ātman), self, essence, spirit, breath
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmaḥ'.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (with ten)

(number)

Note: Qualifies 'pṛṣatkaiḥ'.

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - arrow

Note: Instrument for cutting.

खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - (Śalya's) sword (sword)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword

Note: Object of nicakarta.

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions of cutting.

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with lances (with lances, with darts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - lance, spear, arrow (specifically, broad-headed arrow)

Note: Instrument for cutting the sword.

निचकर्त (nicakarta) - he cut off (he cut off, he severed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛt

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd singular, with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛt (class 6)

मुष्टौ (muṣṭau) - at the hilt (of the sword) (in the hilt, in the fist, in the handle)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of muṣṭi

muṣṭi - fist, hand, hilt (of a sword), handful

Note: Denotes location where the sword was cut.

नदन् (nadan) - roaring (roaring, shouting, thundering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, shouting, sounding

Present Active Participle

From √nad (to roar, sound).

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmaḥ'.

प्रहृष्टः (prahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly delighted (greatly delighted, extremely joyful, exhilarated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - greatly delighted, extremely joyful, exhilarated

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√hṛṣ (to be greatly pleased, to rejoice).

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmaḥ'.

तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your (singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the traditional narrator.

सैन्यमध्ये (sainyamadhye) - in the midst of your army (in the midst of the army)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainyamadhya

sainyamadhya - in the midst of the army

Tatpuruṣa compound: sainya (army) + madhya (middle).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sainya+madhya)

• sainya – army, host, military
  noun (neuter)
  From senā (army) + -ya suffix.
• madhya – middle, center, midst
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes location of the action.