महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-12

आकर्णपूर्णायतसंप्रयुक्तैः शरैस्तदा संयति तैलधौतैः ।
अन्योन्यमाच्छादयतां महारथौ मद्राधिपश्चापि युधिष्ठिरश्च ॥१२॥

12. ākarṇapūrṇāyatasaṁprayuktaiḥ; śaraistadā saṁyati tailadhautaiḥ ,
anyonyamācchādayatāṁ mahārathau; madrādhipaścāpi yudhiṣṭhiraśca.

12. ākarnapūrṇāyatasamprayuktaiḥ śaraiḥ
tadā saṃyati tailadhautaiḥ
anyonyam ācchādayatām mahārathau
madrādhipaḥ ca api yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ca

12. tadā saṃyati mahārathau madrādhipaḥ
ca yudhiṣṭhiraḥ api ca
ākarnapūrṇāyatasamprayuktaiḥ tailadhautaiḥ
śaraiḥ anyonyam ācchādayatām

12. Then, in that battle, the two great charioteers, the king of Madras and Yudhiṣṭhira, covered each other with long, well-aimed arrows, drawn fully to the ear and polished with oil.

Words meanings summery:

• आकर्नपूर्णायतसम्प्रयुक्तैः (ākarnapūrṇāyatasamprayuktaiḥ) - with arrows drawn fully to the ear, long, and well-shot; with fully drawn, long, well-applied arrows

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• संयति (saṁyati) - in battle, in combat

• तैलधौतैः (tailadhautaiḥ) - with those polished with oil

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• आच्छादयताम् (ācchādayatām) - were covering

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - the two great charioteers

• मद्राधिपः (madrādhipaḥ) - the king of Madras (Shalya) (the lord of Madras, the king of Madras)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

आकर्नपूर्णायतसम्प्रयुक्तैः (ākarnapūrṇāyatasamprayuktaiḥ) - with arrows drawn fully to the ear, long, and well-shot; with fully drawn, long, well-applied arrows

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ākarnapūrṇāyatasamprayukta

ākarnapūrṇāyatasamprayukta - drawn fully to the ear, long, well-shot

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective, formed with an initial karmadhāraya (`ākarnapūrṇa-āyata`) and then combined with a past passive participle (`samprayukta`) from sam + pra + √yuj.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or karmadhāraya within the compound (ākarṇapūrṇa+āyata+samprayukta)

• ākarṇapūrṇa – full up to the ear
  adjective (masculine)
• āyata – long, extended
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā + √yam (to stretch)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)
• samprayukta – well-employed, discharged, connected, joined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam + pra + √yuj (to join, to employ)
  Prefixes: sam+pra
  Root: yuj (class 7)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'dā' suffix

संयति (saṁyati) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃyati

saṁyati - battle, encounter, war

Derived from sam + √yam (to restrain, to control)

Root: yam (class 1)

तैलधौतैः (tailadhautaiḥ) - with those polished with oil

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tailadhauta

tailadhauta - polished with oil, cleansed with oil

Past Passive Participle

Tṛtīyā tatpuruṣa compound: 'tailena dhautāḥ'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (taila+dhauta)

• taila – oil, sesame oil
  noun (neuter)
• dhauta – washed, cleansed, polished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhāu (to wash, to cleanse)
  Root: dhāu (class 1)

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - mutual, each other

From 'anya' (other) + 'anya'

Note: Acts as an object to 'ācchādayatām'

आच्छादयताम् (ācchādayatām) - were covering

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ācchādayatām

Imperfect (laṅ), Ātmanepada, 3rd person dual

Causal stem 'cchādāya-' from √cchad, with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Subject is 'mahārathau'

महारथौ (mahārathau) - the two great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Karmadhāraya compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ratha' (chariot/warrior on a chariot)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'ācchādayatām'

मद्राधिपः (madrādhipaḥ) - the king of Madras (Shalya) (the lord of Madras, the king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrādhipa

madrādhipa - king of Madras (a region), ruler of Madras

Compound: 'Madra' (name of a country) + 'adhipa' (ruler)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipa)

• madra – Madras (a country/region)
  proper noun (neuter)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi + √pā (to protect, to rule)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Particle

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun, eldest Pāṇḍava), firm in battle

Aluk saptamī tatpuruṣa compound: 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm, steady)

Compound type : aluk saptamī tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction