महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-16

ततस्तु मद्राधिपतिर्महात्मा युधिष्ठिरं भीमबलं प्रसह्य ।
विव्याध वीरं हृदयेऽतिवेगं शरेण सूर्याग्निसमप्रभेण ॥१६॥

16. tatastu madrādhipatirmahātmā; yudhiṣṭhiraṁ bhīmabalaṁ prasahya ,
vivyādha vīraṁ hṛdaye'tivegaṁ; śareṇa sūryāgnisamaprabheṇa.

16. tatas tu madrādhipatiḥ mahātmā
yudhiṣṭhiram bhīmabalam prasahya
vivyādha vīram hṛdaye ativegam
śareṇa sūryāgnisamaprabheṇa

16. tatas tu mahātmā madrādhipatiḥ
bhīmabalam yudhiṣṭhiram prasahya
sūryāgnisamaprabheṇa śareṇa
vīram hṛdaye ativegam vivyādha

16. Then, the great-souled king of Madras, Shalya, forcefully attacked the mighty Yudhishthira and swiftly pierced the hero in the heart with an arrow that shone like the sun and fire.

Words meanings summery:

• ततस् (tatas) - then, thereafter, thence

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, however

• मद्राधिपतिः (madrādhipatiḥ) - Shalya, the king of the Madras region (the king of Madras, the ruler of the Madras)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

• भीमबलम् (bhīmabalam) - possessing mighty strength, having terrible power

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - having overpowered, having attacked forcefully

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

• वीरम् (vīram) - Yudhishthira, the hero (hero, brave man, warrior)

• हृदये (hṛdaye) - in the heart

• अतिवेगम् (ativegam) - with great speed, very swiftly, with high velocity

• शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow

• सूर्याग्निसमप्रभेण (sūryāgnisamaprabheṇa) - with a radiance like the sun and fire

Words meanings and morphology

ततस् (tatas) - then, thereafter, thence

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, however

(indeclinable)

मद्राधिपतिः (madrādhipatiḥ) - Shalya, the king of the Madras region (the king of Madras, the ruler of the Madras)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrādhipati

madrādhipati - king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipati)

• madra – name of a country or people
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipati – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pa (class 1)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, spirit
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

भीमबलम् (bhīmabalam) - possessing mighty strength, having terrible power

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmabala

bhīmabala - having formidable strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+bala)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable, mighty
  adjective
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifying Yudhishthiram.

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - having overpowered, having attacked forcefully

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form from the root 'sah' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Derived from root 'vyadh' with the prefix 'vi'.

वीरम् (vīram) - Yudhishthira, the hero (hero, brave man, warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, champion

हृदये (hṛdaye) - in the heart

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, core

अतिवेगम् (ativegam) - with great speed, very swiftly, with high velocity

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ativega

ativega - excessive speed, great impetus

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (ati+vega)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
• vega – speed, velocity, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vij'.
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Adverbial usage, describing the action of piercing.

शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

सूर्याग्निसमप्रभेण (sūryāgnisamaprabheṇa) - with a radiance like the sun and fire

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūryāgnisamaprabha

sūryāgnisamaprabha - whose radiance is like that of the sun and fire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sūrya+agni+sama+prabhā)

• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• sama – like, equal, similar
  adjective
• prabhā – radiance, light, splendor
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifying śareṇa.