महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-24

मद्राधिपश्चापि युधिष्ठिरस्य शरैश्चतुर्भिर्निजघान वाहान् ।
वाहांश्च हत्वा व्यकरोन्महात्मा योधक्षयं धर्मसुतस्य राज्ञः ॥२४॥

24. madrādhipaścāpi yudhiṣṭhirasya; śaraiścaturbhirnijaghāna vāhān ,
vāhāṁśca hatvā vyakaronmahātmā; yodhakṣayaṁ dharmasutasya rājñaḥ.

24. madrādhipaḥ ca api yudhiṣṭhirasya
śaraiḥ caturbhiḥ nijaghāna vāhān
vāhān ca hatvā vyakarot mahātmā
yodhakṣayam dharmasutasya rājñaḥ

24. madrādhipaḥ api yudhiṣṭhirasya
caturbhiḥ śaraiḥ vāhān nijaghāna
mahātmā vāhān ca hatvā dharmasutasya
rājñaḥ yodhakṣayam vyakarot

24. And the king of Madra (Śalya) also struck down Yudhiṣṭhira's chariot horses with four arrows. Having killed the horses, that great-souled warrior then caused the destruction of the warriors of King Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• मद्राधिपः (madrādhipaḥ) - King Śalya, the leader of the Madra kingdom (the king of Madra)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four (arrows) (with four)

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - killed (the horses) (struck down, killed)

• वाहान् (vāhān) - chariot horses (horses, carriers)

• वाहान् (vāhān) - chariot horses (horses, carriers)

• च (ca) - and

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed

• व्यकरोत् (vyakarot) - caused, made, brought about

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled warrior (Śalya) (the great-souled one, noble person)

• योधक्षयम् (yodhakṣayam) - destruction of warriors

• धर्मसुतस्य (dharmasutasya) - of King Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Dharma)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king)

Words meanings and morphology

मद्राधिपः (madrādhipaḥ) - King Śalya, the leader of the Madra kingdom (the king of Madra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrādhipa

madrādhipa - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipa)

• madra – Madra (a country/region in ancient India)
  proper noun (neuter)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king, chief
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava, son of Kuntī and Yama/Dharma)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, war, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṝ (class 9)

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four (arrows) (with four)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.

निजघान (nijaghāna) - killed (the horses) (struck down, killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

perfect active 3rd singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root han, optionally with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

वाहान् (vāhān) - chariot horses (horses, carriers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - a carrier, a beast of burden, a horse, a vehicle

From root vah (to carry, to convey)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'nijaghāna'.

वाहान् (vāhān) - chariot horses (horses, carriers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - a carrier, a beast of burden, a horse, a vehicle

From root vah (to carry, to convey)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'hatvā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from root han with suffix -tvā.

Root: han (class 2)

व्यकरोत् (vyakarot) - caused, made, brought about

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of kṛ

imperfect active 3rd singular

From root kṛ (class 8) with prefix vi; augment 'a' for imperfect combines with 'vi' to 'vy'.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled warrior (Śalya) (the great-souled one, noble person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime, a great person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast, noble
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, principle of life
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'vyakarot'.

योधक्षयम् (yodhakṣayam) - destruction of warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yodhakṣaya

yodhakṣaya - destruction of warriors, loss of fighters

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yodha+kṣaya)

• yodha – warrior, fighter, soldier
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decay, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi (to destroy, perish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Object of 'vyakarot'.

धर्मसुतस्य (dharmasutasya) - of King Yudhiṣṭhira (of the son of Dharma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmasuta

dharmasuta - son of Dharma (dharma) (a name for Yudhiṣṭhira)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+suta)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• suta – son, offspring, born
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root su (to beget, to produce)
  Root: su (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmasutasya'.