महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-16, verse-11

ततो द्रुतं मद्रजनाधिपो रणे युधिष्ठिरं सप्तभिरभ्यविध्यत् ।
तं चापि पार्थो नवभिः पृषत्कैर्विव्याध राजंस्तुमुले महात्मा ॥११॥

11. tato drutaṁ madrajanādhipo raṇe; yudhiṣṭhiraṁ saptabhirabhyavidhyat ,
taṁ cāpi pārtho navabhiḥ pṛṣatkai;rvivyādha rājaṁstumule mahātmā.

11. tatas drutam madra-jana-adhipaḥ raṇe
yudhiṣṭhiram saptabhiḥ abhi-a-vidhyat
tam ca api pārthaḥ navabhiḥ
pṛṣatkaiḥ vivyādha rājan tumule mahātmā

11. tatas drutam madra-jana-adhipaḥ raṇe yudhiṣṭhiram saptabhiḥ (śaraiḥ) abhi-a-vidhyat.
rājan,
mahātmā pārthaḥ ca api tam navabhiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ tumule vivyādha

11. Then, swiftly, the lord of the Madra people (Śalya) struck Yudhiṣṭhira with seven (arrows) in the battle. O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), the great-souled (mahātmā) Pārtha (Arjuna) also struck him (Śalya) with nine feathered arrows in that tumultuous encounter.

Words meanings summery:

• ततस् (tatas) - then (then, therefrom, after that)

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly)

• मद्र-जन-अधिपः (madra-jana-adhipaḥ) - King Śalya, the lord of the Madra people (king of the Madra people)

• रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• सप्तभिः (saptabhiḥ) - with seven (arrows) (by seven)

• अभि-अ-विध्यत् (abhi-a-vidhyat) - he struck (he pierced, he struck)

• तम् (tam) - him (King Śalya) (him, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna)

• नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine (by nine)

• पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with feathered arrows (with feathered arrows, with spotted arrows)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he struck (he pierced, he struck)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

• तुमुले (tumule) - in that tumultuous encounter (in the tumult, in the noisy fight)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

Words meanings and morphology

ततस् (tatas) - then (then, therefrom, after that)

(indeclinable)

द्रुतम् (drutam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Can function as an adverb in neuter accusative singular

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

मद्र-जन-अधिपः (madra-jana-adhipaḥ) - King Śalya, the lord of the Madra people (king of the Madra people)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrajanādhipa

madrajanādhipa - king of the Madra people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+jana+adhipa)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Refers to King Śalya.

रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava, firm in battle)

Note: Object of 'struck'.

सप्तभिः (saptabhiḥ) - with seven (arrows) (by seven)

(numeral)

Note: Implies 'śaraiḥ' (arrows).

अभि-अ-विध्यत् (abhi-a-vidhyat) - he struck (he pierced, he struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular, from root 'vyadh' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The actual form in sandhi is abhyavidhyat, which undoes to abhi-a-vidhyat.

तम् (tam) - him (King Śalya) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Śalya.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine (by nine)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies pṛṣatkaiḥ.

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with feathered arrows (with feathered arrows, with spotted arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - feathered arrow, spotted arrow

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he struck (he pierced, he struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular, from root 'vyadh'

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Reduplicated perfect.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

तुमुले (tumule) - in that tumultuous encounter (in the tumult, in the noisy fight)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, agitated; tumult, uproar

Note: Refers to the battle.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous; a great person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman), essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies pārthaḥ.