महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-86, verse-5

सुवर्णालंकृतैरेतैर्वर्मवद्भिः सुकल्पितैः ।
हयैर्वातजवैर्मुख्यैः पाण्डवस्य सुतो बली ।
अभ्यवर्तत तत्सैन्यं हृष्टरूपः परंतपः ॥५॥

5. suvarṇālaṁkṛtairetairvarmavadbhiḥ sukalpitaiḥ ,
hayairvātajavairmukhyaiḥ pāṇḍavasya suto balī ,
abhyavartata tatsainyaṁ hṛṣṭarūpaḥ paraṁtapaḥ.

5. suvarṇālaṃkṛtaiḥ etaiḥ varmavadbhiḥ
sukalpitaiḥ hayaiḥ vātajavaiḥ mukhyaiḥ
pāṇḍavasya sutaḥ balī abhyavartata
tat sainyam hṛṣṭarūpaḥ paraṃtapaḥ

5. suvarṇālaṃkṛtaiḥ varmavadbhiḥ sukalpitaiḥ vātajavaiḥ mukhyaiḥ etaiḥ hayaiḥ,
pāṇḍavasya balī hṛṣṭarūpaḥ paraṃtapaḥ sutaḥ tat sainyam abhyavartata

5. Mounted on these principal horses—adorned with gold, armored, well-trained, and swift as the wind—the mighty son of Pāṇḍu, who was a tormentor of enemies and exultant in appearance, advanced towards that army.

Words meanings summery:

• सुवर्णालंकृतैः (suvarṇālaṁkṛtaiḥ) - horses adorned with gold (adorned with gold, embellished with gold)

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (horses) (by these)

• वर्मवद्भिः (varmavadbhiḥ) - armored horses (having armor, armored)

• सुकल्पितैः (sukalpitaiḥ) - well-trained horses (well-trained, well-prepared, well-appointed)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

• वातजवैः (vātajavaiḥ) - horses swift as wind (swift as wind, wind-speed)

• मुख्यैः (mukhyaiḥ) - by the excellent horses (by the principal, by the excellent)

• पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu) (of the son of Pandu, of Pandava)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - Abhimanyu, son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna) (son)

• बली (balī) - powerful, strong

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - advanced, moved towards, attacked

• तत् (tat) - that (enemy) army (that)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army)

• हृष्टरूपः (hṛṣṭarūpaḥ) - with an exultant appearance (referring to Abhimanyu) (with a cheerful appearance, exultant in form)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Abhimanyu, the tormentor of enemies (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

सुवर्णालंकृतैः (suvarṇālaṁkṛtaiḥ) - horses adorned with gold (adorned with gold, embellished with gold)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suvarṇālaṃkṛta

suvarṇālaṁkṛta - adorned with gold, golden-decorated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from alaṃkṛta (decorated) with suvarṇa (gold).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suvarṇa+alaṃkṛta)

• suvarṇa – gold, beautiful color
  noun (neuter)
• alaṃkṛta – adorned, decorated, embellished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do) with prefix alam.
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'hayaiḥ'.

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (horses) (by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'hayaiḥ'.

वर्मवद्भिः (varmavadbhiḥ) - armored horses (having armor, armored)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of varmavat

varmavat - furnished with armor, armored, protected

From varman (armor) + -vat (possessive suffix).

Note: Qualifies 'hayaiḥ'.

सुकल्पितैः (sukalpitaiḥ) - well-trained horses (well-trained, well-prepared, well-appointed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sukalpita

sukalpita - well-trained, well-prepared, well-arranged, skillfully made

Past Passive Participle

From su (well) + kalpita (prepared/made/trained).

Compound type : pra-ādi tatpuruṣa (su+kalpita)

• su – well, good, excellent
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• kalpita – prepared, made, arranged, trained, imagined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Particple
  From root kḷp (to arrange, to make, to train).
  Root: kḷp (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'hayaiḥ'.

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

From root hi (to go, to move).

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Denotes the means by which Abhimanyu advanced.

वातजवैः (vātajavaiḥ) - horses swift as wind (swift as wind, wind-speed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vātajava

vātajava - having the speed of wind, swift as wind

From vāta (wind) + java (speed).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāta+java)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• java – speed, swiftness, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  From root ju (to be swift).
  Root: ju

Note: Qualifies 'hayaiḥ'.

मुख्यैः (mukhyaiḥ) - by the excellent horses (by the principal, by the excellent)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, foremost, excellent

Note: Qualifies 'hayaiḥ'.

पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu) (of the son of Pandu, of Pandava)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Possessive for 'sutaḥ'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - Abhimanyu, son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

Past Passive Participle

From root sū (to beget).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence, refers to Abhimanyu.

बली (balī) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous

From bala (strength) + -in (possessive suffix).

Note: Qualifies 'sutaḥ'.

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - advanced, moved towards, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect tense, Middle voice, 3rd person singular

Root vṛt with prefixes abhi and ava.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

तत् (tat) - that (enemy) army (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'sainyam'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

From senā (army).

Note: Object of the verb 'abhyavartata'.

हृष्टरूपः (hṛṣṭarūpaḥ) - with an exultant appearance (referring to Abhimanyu) (with a cheerful appearance, exultant in form)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭarūpa

hṛṣṭarūpa - having a cheerful appearance, exultant, joyful-faced

From hṛṣṭa (joyful) + rūpa (form, appearance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛṣṭa+rūpa)

• hṛṣṭa – gladdened, delighted, thrilled, joyful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hṛṣ (to be glad).
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sutaḥ'.

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Abhimanyu, the tormentor of enemies (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes, scorcher of enemies

From para (enemy) + tapa (scorching/tormenting).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• para – enemy, foe, other, supreme
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – scorching, tormenting, causing pain
  adjective/agent noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, to torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sutaḥ'.