महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-86, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
वर्तमाने तथा रौद्रे राजन्वीरवरक्षये ।
शकुनिः सौबलः श्रीमान्पाण्डवान्समुपाद्रवत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vartamāne tathā raudre rājanvīravarakṣaye ,
śakuniḥ saubalaḥ śrīmānpāṇḍavānsamupādravat.

1. saṃjaya uvāca vartamāne tathā raudre rājan vīra-vara-kṣaye
śakuniḥ saubalaḥ śrīmān pāṇḍavān samupādravat

1. saṃjaya uvāca rājan tathā raudre vīra-vara-kṣaye
vartamāne śrīmān saubalaḥ śakuniḥ pāṇḍavān samupādravat

1. Saṃjaya said: O King, while such a dreadful destruction of the greatest heroes was occurring, the glorious Śakuni, son of Subala, attacked the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Saṃjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - While the destruction was occurring. (while existing, while being, currently happening)

• तथा (tathā) - Referring to the dreadful nature of the destruction. (thus, so, in that manner)

• रौद्रे (raudre) - Describing the nature of the destruction. (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

• राजन् (rājan) - Saṃjaya addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O King)

• वीर-वर-क्षये (vīra-vara-kṣaye) - Refers to the ongoing great war where many heroes are being killed. (in the destruction of the best of heroes)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The king of Gandhara, maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning. (Śakuni (proper name))

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Epithet for Śakuni, whose father was Subala. (son of Subala, descendant of Subala)

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - Epithet for Śakuni. (glorious, prosperous, endowed with fortune)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The sons of Pāṇḍu, the antagonists of the Kauravas. (the Pāṇḍavas)

• समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - Śakuni's action of engaging the Pāṇḍavas in battle. (attacked, rushed towards, assailed)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Saṃjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - While the destruction was occurring. (while existing, while being, currently happening)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, being, happening

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'kṣaye'.

तथा (tathā) - Referring to the dreadful nature of the destruction. (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'raudre'.

रौद्रे (raudre) - Describing the nature of the destruction. (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - terrible, dreadful, fierce, belonging to Rudra

Note: Qualifies 'kṣaye'.

राजन् (rājan) - Saṃjaya addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वीर-वर-क्षये (vīra-vara-kṣaye) - Refers to the ongoing great war where many heroes are being killed. (in the destruction of the best of heroes)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra-vara-kṣaya

vīra-vara-kṣaya - destruction of the best of heroes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vīra+vara+kṣaya)

• vīra – hero, warrior, brave man
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, choice
  adjective (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, ruin
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The king of Gandhara, maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning. (Śakuni (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'samupādravat'.

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Epithet for Śakuni, whose father was Subala. (son of Subala, descendant of Subala)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son/descendant of Subala

Apatyartha derivation from Subala

Note: In apposition to 'śakuniḥ'.

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - Epithet for Śakuni. (glorious, prosperous, endowed with fortune)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, prosperous, fortunate, illustrious

Possessive suffix -mat

Note: Qualifies 'śakuniḥ'.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The sons of Pāṇḍu, the antagonists of the Kauravas. (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Apatyartha derivation from Pāṇḍu

Note: Object of 'samupādravat'.

समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - Śakuni's action of engaging the Pāṇḍavas in battle. (attacked, rushed towards, assailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of drav

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: From sam-upa-ā-DRU.