महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-86, verse-31

ताडयन्तः शितैः प्रासैश्चोदयन्तः परस्परम् ।
ते शूराः पर्यधावन्त कुर्वन्तो महदाकुलम् ॥३१॥

31. tāḍayantaḥ śitaiḥ prāsaiścodayantaḥ parasparam ,
te śūrāḥ paryadhāvanta kurvanto mahadākulam.

31. tāḍayantaḥ śitaiḥ prāsaiḥ codayantaḥ parasparam
te śūrāḥ paryadhāvanta kurvantaḥ mahat ākulam

31. te śūrāḥ śitaiḥ prāsaiḥ tāḍayantaḥ parasparam
codayantaḥ mahat ākulam kurvantaḥ paryadhāvanta

31. Striking with sharp spears and urging each other on, those brave warriors ran about, creating great confusion.

Words meanings summery:

• ताडयन्तः (tāḍayantaḥ) - striking, hitting, beating

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, whetted, sharpened

• प्रासैः (prāsaiḥ) - with spears, lances

• चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - urging, inciting, impelling

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

• ते (te) - those, they

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors, heroes

• पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, they ran around

• कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - creating, doing, making

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• आकुलम् (ākulam) - confusion, disorder, disturbance

Words meanings and morphology

ताडयन्तः (tāḍayantaḥ) - striking, hitting, beating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāḍayat

tāḍayat - striking, beating, hitting (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √taḍ with the suffix -śatṛ and causative suffix -āpaya.

Root: taḍ (class 1)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, whetted, sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √śo (to sharpen)

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'prāsaiḥ'.

प्रासैः (prāsaiḥ) - with spears, lances

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāsa

prāsa - spear, lance, javelin

Derived from pra- + √as (to throw).

Prefix: pra

Root: as (class 4)

चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - urging, inciting, impelling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codayat

codayat - urging, inciting, impelling (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √cud (to urge) with causative suffix -āpaya and -śatṛ.

Root: cud (class 10)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, used adverbially.

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'śūrāḥ'.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors, heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, warrior, hero

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, they ran around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √dhāv

Imperfect, 3rd person plural

Imperfect tense, derived from the root √dhāv with upasarga pari- and a-.

Prefixes: pari+a

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Formed from pari- + a- + dhāvanta.

कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - creating, doing, making

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, creating (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -śatṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'śūrāḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Note: Qualifies 'ākulam'.

आकुलम् (ākulam) - confusion, disorder, disturbance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākula

ākula - confused, agitated, disorder, confusion

Derived from ā- + √kul (to collect, crowd).

Prefix: ā

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurvantaḥ'.