महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-70, verse-59

जयो वैरं प्रसृजति दुःखमास्ते पराजितः ।
सुखं प्रशान्तः स्वपिति हित्वा जयपराजयौ ॥५९॥

59. jayo vairaṁ prasṛjati duḥkhamāste parājitaḥ ,
sukhaṁ praśāntaḥ svapiti hitvā jayaparājayau.

59. jayaḥ vairam prasṛjati duḥkham āste parājitaḥ
sukham praśāntaḥ svapiti hitvā jayaparājayau

59. Victory breeds hostility. The defeated person remains in sorrow. But one who is tranquil, having abandoned both triumph and defeat, sleeps peacefully.

Words meanings summery:

• जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

• प्रसृजति (prasṛjati) - produces, creates, generates

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• आस्ते (āste) - remains, stays, sits, exists

• पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - the defeated person (defeated, vanquished)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, with ease

• प्रशान्तः (praśāntaḥ) - peaceful, tranquil, calm

• स्वपिति (svapiti) - sleeps

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat

Words meanings and morphology

जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest, superiority

Root: ji (class 1)

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, animosity

प्रसृजति (prasṛjati) - produces, creates, generates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prasṛj

Derived from root sṛj with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛj (class 6)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, misery, suffering, pain, unhappiness

Note: Used here as a predicate noun describing the state of the defeated one.

आस्ते (āste) - remains, stays, sits, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - the defeated person (defeated, vanquished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājita

parājita - defeated, vanquished, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root ji with prefix parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, with ease

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'happily'.

प्रशान्तः (praśāntaḥ) - peaceful, tranquil, calm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśānta

praśānta - peaceful, tranquil, calm, composed, quiet

Past Passive Participle

From root śam with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

स्वपिति (svapiti) - sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of svap

Root: svap (class 2)

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of jayaparājaya

jayaparājaya - victory and defeat, triumph and loss

Compound type : dvandva (jaya+parājaya)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• parājaya – defeat, vanquishing, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji with prefix parā-
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)