महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-70, verse-27

आपदेवास्य मरणात्पुरुषस्य गरीयसी ।
श्रियो विनाशस्तद्ध्यस्य निमित्तं धर्मकामयोः ॥२७॥

27. āpadevāsya maraṇātpuruṣasya garīyasī ,
śriyo vināśastaddhyasya nimittaṁ dharmakāmayoḥ.

27. āpadā eva asya maraṇāt puruṣasya garīyasī śriyaḥ
vināśaḥ tat hi asya nimittaṃ dharmakāmayoḥ

27. Indeed, for a person, calamity is more severe than death. For him, the destruction of prosperity (śrī) is truly the cause for the ruin of both his righteous conduct (dharma) and his desires.

Words meanings summery:

• आपदा (āpadā) - by calamity, by misfortune

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• अस्य (asya) - of him, for him, of this

• मरणात् (maraṇāt) - from death, than death

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person (of a man, of a person)

• गरीयसी (garīyasī) - more severe, heavier, worse

• श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity, of wealth, of fortune

• विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अस्य (asya) - of him, for him, its

• निमित्तं (nimittaṁ) - cause, reason, motive

• धर्मकामयोः (dharmakāmayoḥ) - of dharma and kama, of righteousness and desires

Words meanings and morphology

आपदा (āpadā) - by calamity, by misfortune

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, disaster

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him, for him, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'puruṣa' (person).

मरणात् (maraṇāt) - from death, than death

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

Derived from root mṛ 'to die', with suffix -ana

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Used with a comparative adjective.

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person (of a man, of a person)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, male, a person; the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

गरीयसी (garīyasī) - more severe, heavier, worse

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, more important, more severe

Comparative Adjective

Comparative form of guru (heavy, important)

Note: Agrees with āpadā.

श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity, of wealth, of fortune

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, fortune, glory, beauty

विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

Derived from root naś 'to perish' with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Subject of the clause.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अस्य (asya) - of him, for him, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

निमित्तं (nimittaṁ) - cause, reason, motive

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nimitta

nimitta - cause, reason, motive, sign, omen

Note: Predicate nominative to 'tat'.

धर्मकामयोः (dharmakāmayoḥ) - of dharma and kama, of righteousness and desires

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of dharmakāma

dharmakāma - righteousness and desires, dharma and kāma

Dvandva compound of dharma and kāma

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+kāma)

• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, natural law (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kam 'to desire'
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: The dual genitive refers to both dharma and kāma.