महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-70, verse-40

तदिदं मयि ते दृष्टं प्रत्यक्षं मधुसूदन ।
यथा राज्यात्परिभ्रष्टो वसामि वसतीरिमाः ॥४०॥

40. tadidaṁ mayi te dṛṣṭaṁ pratyakṣaṁ madhusūdana ,
yathā rājyātparibhraṣṭo vasāmi vasatīrimāḥ.

40. tat idam mayi te dṛṣṭam pratyakṣam madhusūdana
yathā rājyāt paribhraṣṭaḥ vasāmi vasatīḥ imāḥ

40. O Madhusūdana, you have directly witnessed this in my case: how, having been deprived of my kingdom, I live in these temporary dwellings.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - this (situation) (that, this, it)

• इदम् (idam) - this (very thing) (this, here)

• मयि (mayi) - in my case, concerning me (in me, on me)

• ते (te) - by you (by you (instrumental singular, enclitic), of you, for you (genitive/dative singular, enclitic))

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, witnessed (seen, observed)

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly (directly, perceptibly, evident)

• मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O Madhusūdana (Krishna) (slayer of Madhu (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna))

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how, that)

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from sovereignty)

• परिभ्रष्टः (paribhraṣṭaḥ) - deprived, exiled (fallen, deprived, cast down, exiled)

• वसामि (vasāmi) - I live (I dwell, I live, I reside)

• वसतीः (vasatīḥ) - temporary dwellings (during exile) (dwellings, abodes, residences)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these (dwellings) (these (feminine plural))

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - this (situation) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the situation described in the next clause.

इदम् (idam) - this (very thing) (this, here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

Note: Emphatic, often paired with tat.

मयि (mayi) - in my case, concerning me (in me, on me)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

ते (te) - by you (by you (instrumental singular, enclitic), of you, for you (genitive/dative singular, enclitic))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: This is an enclitic form of tvayā.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, witnessed (seen, observed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, appeared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dṛś with suffix -ta.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: In agreement with tat idam.

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly (directly, perceptibly, evident)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣi)

• prati – towards, against, in every, in opposition to
  indeclinable
• akṣi – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial use.

मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O Madhusūdana (Krishna) (slayer of Madhu (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - slayer of Madhu, an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

compound of madhu (demon's name) and sūdana (slayer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey, sweet, a demon's name
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroyer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sūd' to kill
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Addressed to Krishna.

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause explaining "this".

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from sovereignty)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign, government

from rājan + ya

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Indicates separation from the kingdom.

परिभ्रष्टः (paribhraṣṭaḥ) - deprived, exiled (fallen, deprived, cast down, exiled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paribhraṣṭa

paribhraṣṭa - fallen off, deprived of, separated from, exiled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhraṃś with pari prefix and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pari

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker (Yudhiṣṭhira).

वसामि (vasāmi) - I live (I dwell, I live, I reside)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

present active

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'I' (implied, Yudhiṣṭhira).

वसतीः (vasatīḥ) - temporary dwellings (during exile) (dwellings, abodes, residences)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vasati

vasati - dwelling, abode, residence, night, living

from root vas with suffix -ti

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of vasāmi.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these (dwellings) (these (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: In agreement with vasatīḥ.