महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-70, verse-53

सर्वथा वृजिनं युद्धं को घ्नन्न प्रतिहन्यते ।
हतस्य च हृषीकेश समौ जयपराजयौ ॥५३॥

53. sarvathā vṛjinaṁ yuddhaṁ ko ghnanna pratihanyate ,
hatasya ca hṛṣīkeśa samau jayaparājayau.

53. sarvathā vṛjinam yuddham kaḥ ghnan na pratihanyate
hatasya ca Hṛṣīkeśa samau jayaparājayau

53. In every way, war is harmful. Who, while killing, is not in turn struck down? For one who is killed, O Hrishikesha, victory and defeat are equal.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way (in every way, by all means, entirely)

• वृजिनम् (vṛjinam) - harmful (harmful, crooked, wicked, bad)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war (war, battle, fight)

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (who? what? which?)

• घ्नन् (ghnan) - while killing (killing, striking)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रतिहन्यते (pratihanyate) - is struck down (in return) (is struck back, is killed in return)

• हतस्य (hatasya) - for one who is killed (of the killed, for the slain)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• हृषीकेश (hṛṣīkeśa) - O Hrishikesha (O Hrishikesha (an epithet of Krishna/Vishnu))

• समौ (samau) - are equal (equal, similar, alike (dual))

• जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way (in every way, by all means, entirely)

(indeclinable)

suffix -thā added to sarva

वृजिनम् (vṛjinam) - harmful (harmful, crooked, wicked, bad)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛjina

vṛjina - crooked, harmful, wicked, bad, painful

Root: vṛj

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war (war, battle, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight, combat

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

कः (kaḥ) - who? (who? what? which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, what, which

घ्नन् (ghnan) - while killing (killing, striking)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghnat

ghnat - killing, striking, destroying

Present Active Participle

from root han (to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिहन्यते (pratihanyate) - is struck down (in return) (is struck back, is killed in return)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of han

present passive 3rd singular

from root han with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: han (class 2)

हतस्य (hatasya) - for one who is killed (of the killed, for the slain)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

हृषीकेश (hṛṣīkeśa) - O Hrishikesha (O Hrishikesha (an epithet of Krishna/Vishnu))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Hṛṣīkeśa

Hṛṣīkeśa - Lord of the senses, master of the senses (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – sense, organ of sense
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 1)

समौ (samau) - are equal (equal, similar, alike (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sama

sama - equal, similar, alike, same, level

जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jayaparājaya

jayaparājaya - victory and defeat

Compound type : dvandva (jaya+parājaya)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• parājaya – defeat, vanquishment
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root ji with prefix parā
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)