महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-70, verse-47

शूद्रः करोति शुश्रूषां वैश्या विपणिजीविनः ।
वयं वधेन जीवामः कपालं ब्राह्मणैर्वृतम् ॥४७॥

47. śūdraḥ karoti śuśrūṣāṁ vaiśyā vipaṇijīvinaḥ ,
vayaṁ vadhena jīvāmaḥ kapālaṁ brāhmaṇairvṛtam.

47. śūdraḥ karoti śuśrūṣām vaiśyāḥ vipaṇijīvinaḥ
vayam vadhena jīvāmaḥ kapālam brāhmaṇaiḥ vṛtam

47. A śūdra performs service, while vaiśyas are those who subsist by trade. We live by slaying, and Brāhmaṇas live by means of a skull (begging bowl).

Words meanings summery:

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra, a member of the lowest social class

• करोति (karoti) - performs, does, makes

• शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service, desire to serve

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - vaiśyas, members of the merchant and agricultural class

• विपणिजीविनः (vipaṇijīvinaḥ) - those living by trade, merchants

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• वधेन (vadhena) - by killing, by slaying, by murder

• जीवामः (jīvāmaḥ) - we live, we subsist

• कपालम् (kapālam) - as a begging bowl, symbolizing a meager or ascetic livelihood (a skull, a begging bowl)

• ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brāhmaṇas, by priests

• वृतम् (vṛtam) - resorted to (for sustenance) (surrounded, chosen, resorted to, covered)

Words meanings and morphology

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra, a member of the lowest social class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the lowest of the four chief castes, a śūdra; a man of the fourth class

करोति (karoti) - performs, does, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present indicative, 3rd singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service, desire to serve

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śuśrūṣā

śuśrūṣā - desire to hear, obedience, service, attendance

Root: śru

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - vaiśyas, members of the merchant and agricultural class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - belonging to the third of the four main castes, a vaiśya (merchant/agriculturist)

विपणिजीविनः (vipaṇijīvinaḥ) - those living by trade, merchants

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipaṇijīvin

vipaṇijīvin - living by trade, a merchant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipaṇi+jīvin)

• vipaṇi – a market, a shop
  noun (feminine)
• jīvin – living, existing, one who lives by
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from √jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to 'those who live by trade'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

वधेन (vadhena) - by killing, by slaying, by murder

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, murder, destruction

Root: vadh

जीवामः (jīvāmaḥ) - we live, we subsist

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

present indicative, 1st plural

Root: jīv (class 1)

कपालम् (kapālam) - as a begging bowl, symbolizing a meager or ascetic livelihood (a skull, a begging bowl)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kapāla

kapāla - a skull, a begging bowl (made from a skull), a cup, a potsherd

ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brāhmaṇas, by priests

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - relating to a Brāhmaṇa, a Brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly caste)

वृतम् (vṛtam) - resorted to (for sustenance) (surrounded, chosen, resorted to, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛta

vṛta - covered, surrounded, chosen, resorted to, appointed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √vṛ (to cover, choose, surround, resort)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Participle acting as a predicate.