महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-70, verse-48

क्षत्रियः क्षत्रियं हन्ति मत्स्यो मत्स्येन जीवति ।
श्वा श्वानं हन्ति दाशार्ह पश्य धर्मो यथागतः ॥४८॥

48. kṣatriyaḥ kṣatriyaṁ hanti matsyo matsyena jīvati ,
śvā śvānaṁ hanti dāśārha paśya dharmo yathāgataḥ.

48. kṣatriyaḥ kṣatriyam hanti matsyaḥ matsyena jīvati
śvā śvānam hanti dāśārha paśya dharmaḥ yathāgataḥ

48. A kṣatriya kills a kṣatriya, and a fish lives by a fish. A dog kills a dog. O Dāśārha, behold how (natural) law (dharma) has come to be!

Words meanings summery:

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya, a member of the warrior class

• क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - another kṣatriya (as the object of killing) (a kṣatriya)

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, slays, strikes

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - a fish

• मत्स्येन (matsyena) - by a fish

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, subsists

• श्वा (śvā) - a dog

• श्वानम् (śvānam) - another dog (as the object of killing) (a dog)

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, slays, strikes

• दाशार्ह (dāśārha) - vocative address to Kṛṣṇa (O Dāśārha (a name for Kṛṣṇa, descendent of Dāśārha))

• पश्य (paśya) - see, behold

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, referring to the inherent order or way of things (natural law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

• यथागतः (yathāgataḥ) - as it has come, as it is, as it has happened

Words meanings and morphology

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya, a member of the warrior class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class

क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - another kṣatriya (as the object of killing) (a kṣatriya)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, slays, strikes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

present indicative, 3rd singular

Root: han (class 2)

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - a fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - a fish

मत्स्येन (matsyena) - by a fish

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - a fish

Note: जीवति (lives) implies 'lives by means of' or 'is sustained by', hence instrumental case.

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, subsists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

present indicative, 3rd singular

Root: jīv (class 1)

श्वा (śvā) - a dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - a dog

श्वानम् (śvānam) - another dog (as the object of killing) (a dog)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - a dog

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, slays, strikes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

present indicative, 3rd singular

Root: han (class 2)

दाशार्ह (dāśārha) - vocative address to Kṛṣṇa (O Dāśārha (a name for Kṛṣṇa, descendent of Dāśārha))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dāśārha

dāśārha - descendant of Dāśārha, a name for Kṛṣṇa

पश्य (paśya) - see, behold

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

imperative, 2nd singular (root dṛś forms paśya in present stem)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The root is √dṛś, but the present stem is paśya-.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, referring to the inherent order or way of things (natural law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit, custom

Root: dhṛ

Note: The translation emphasizes 'natural law' (dharma).

यथागतः (yathāgataḥ) - as it has come, as it is, as it has happened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yathāgata

yathāgata - as it has arrived, as it is, as it has happened

Past Passive Participle

Compound of yathā (as) and āgata (arrived, past passive participle of ā-√gam)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, just as, in the manner that
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come, happened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of ā-√gam
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective for dharmaḥ.