महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-70, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
संजये प्रतियाते तु धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
अभ्यभाषत दाशार्हमृषभं सर्वसात्वताम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
saṁjaye pratiyāte tu dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
abhyabhāṣata dāśārhamṛṣabhaṁ sarvasātvatām.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sañjaye pratiyāte tu dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ abhyabhāṣata dāśārham ṛṣabham sarvasātvatām

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: When Sañjaya had departed, King Yudhiṣṭhira, the upholder of natural law (dharma), then addressed Dāśārha, the foremost among all the Sātvatas.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सञ्जये (sañjaye) - when Sañjaya had departed (in Sañjaya, on Sañjaya)

• प्रतियाते (pratiyāte) - when (he) had departed (departed, gone back)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, then)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, the upholder of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma, just king, king Yudhiṣṭhira)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

• दाशार्हम् (dāśārham) - Dāśārha (Krishna) (belonging to the Dāśārhas, Dāśārha (an epithet of Krishna/Vāsudeva))

• ऋषभम् (ṛṣabham) - the foremost (chief, best, bull)

• सर्वसात्वताम् (sarvasātvatām) - of all the Sātvatas (of all Sātvatas)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form of 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

सञ्जये (sañjaye) - when Sañjaya had departed (in Sañjaya, on Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and minister), victory

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with pratiyāte.

प्रतियाते (pratiyāte) - when (he) had departed (departed, gone back)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prati-yāta

prati-yāta - returned, gone back, departed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prati + root yā (to go).

Prefix: prati

Root: yā (class 2)

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, then)

(indeclinable)

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, the upholder of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma, just king, king Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of natural law, righteous king, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative of yudh (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-bhāṣ

Imperfect tense form of 'bhāṣ' with upasarga 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

दाशार्हम् (dāśārham) - Dāśārha (Krishna) (belonging to the Dāśārhas, Dāśārha (an epithet of Krishna/Vāsudeva))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāśārha

dāśārha - belonging to the Dāśārhas (a branch of the Yadu dynasty), an epithet of Krishna

Note: Refers to Krishna.

ऋषभम् (ṛṣabham) - the foremost (chief, best, bull)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, chief, excellent, best

सर्वसात्वताम् (sarvasātvatām) - of all the Sātvatas (of all Sātvatas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvasātvata

sarvasātvata - all Sātvatas

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sātvata)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• sātvata – a descendant of Satvata, belonging to the Satvata clan
  proper noun (masculine)