महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-90, verse-50

शंतनुः खलु गङ्गां भागीरथीमुपयेमे ।
तस्यामस्य जज्ञे देवव्रतः ।
यमाहुर्भीष्म इति ॥५०॥

50. śaṁtanuḥ khalu gaṅgāṁ bhāgīrathīmupayeme ,
tasyāmasya jajñe devavrataḥ ,
yamāhurbhīṣma iti.

50. śaṃtanuḥ khalu gaṅgām bhāgīrathīm upayeme tasyām
asya jajñe devavrataḥ yam āhuḥ bhīṣmaḥ iti

50. Śaṃtanu indeed married Gaṅgā, the daughter of Bhagīratha. From her, for him, Devavrata was born, whom they call Bhīṣma.

Words meanings summery:

• शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - Śaṃtanu

• खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly)

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - Gaṅgā (Gaṅgā (river/goddess))

• भागीरथीम् (bhāgīrathīm) - the daughter of Bhagīratha (Gaṅgā) (descendant of Bhagīratha (an epithet for Gaṅgā))

• उपयेमे (upayeme) - married

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - from her (referring to Gaṅgā, indicating motherhood) (in her, from her, concerning her)

• अस्य (asya) - for him (referring to Śaṃtanu, indicating parentage) (his, of him)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

• देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Devavrata (name)

• यम् (yam) - whom (referring to Devavrata) (whom, which)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call (they say, they call)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name) (Bhīṣma (name), terrible, dreadful)

• इति (iti) - thus, as (indicating a name or a quote) (thus, so, in this manner, an indicator of quotation)

Words meanings and morphology

शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - Śaṃtanu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - name of a king, brother of Devāpi

खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - Gaṅgā (Gaṅgā (river/goddess))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganges; name of a goddess

भागीरथीम् (bhāgīrathīm) - the daughter of Bhagīratha (Gaṅgā) (descendant of Bhagīratha (an epithet for Gaṅgā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāgīrathī

bhāgīrathī - descendant of Bhagīratha, an epithet of the river Ganges

feminine form of 'bhāgīratha'

उपयेमे (upayeme) - married

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of yam

Root verb 'yam' with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: yam (class 1)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - from her (referring to Gaṅgā, indicating motherhood) (in her, from her, concerning her)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

locative singular feminine of 'tad'

अस्य (asya) - for him (referring to Śaṃtanu, indicating parentage) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

genitive singular of 'idam'

Note: used here to indicate possession or relation ('for him')

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Devavrata (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - name of Bhīṣma, meaning 'devoted to the gods' or 'divine vow'

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

यम् (yam) - whom (referring to Devavrata) (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: archaic perfect form

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name) (Bhīṣma (name), terrible, dreadful)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, dreadful, formidable; name of a Mahabharata character

इति (iti) - thus, as (indicating a name or a quote) (thus, so, in this manner, an indicator of quotation)

(indeclinable)