महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-90, verse-48

यं यं कराभ्यां स्पृशति जीर्णं स सुखमश्नुते ।
पुनर्युवा च भवति तस्मात्तं शंतनुं विदुः ॥४८॥

48. yaṁ yaṁ karābhyāṁ spṛśati jīrṇaṁ sa sukhamaśnute ,
punaryuvā ca bhavati tasmāttaṁ śaṁtanuṁ viduḥ.

48. yam yam karābhyām spṛśati jīrṇam sa sukham aśnute
punaḥ yuvā ca bhavati tasmāt tam śaṃtanum viduḥ

48. Whoever he touches with his two hands, if old, that person experiences happiness. Furthermore, he becomes young again. Therefore, they know him as Śaṃtanu.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whoever (in conjunction with the repeated 'yam') (whom, which, what)

• यम् (yam) - whoever (in conjunction with the first 'yam') (whom, which, what)

• कराभ्याम् (karābhyām) - with two hands

• स्पृशति (spṛśati) - touches

• जीर्णम् (jīrṇam) - old (person) (old, worn out, digested)

• स (sa) - that person (he, that)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy; happily)

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - experiences, enjoys (obtains, reaches, enjoys)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - furthermore, again (again, moreover, further)

• युवा (yuvā) - young (person) (young, youth)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (is, becomes, exists)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

• शंतनुम् (śaṁtanum) - Śaṃtanu

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whoever (in conjunction with the repeated 'yam') (whom, which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: repeated for 'whoever'

यम् (yam) - whoever (in conjunction with the first 'yam') (whom, which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: repeated for 'whoever'

कराभ्याम् (karābhyām) - with two hands

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of kara

kara - hand, ray of light, tax

स्पृशति (spṛśati) - touches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of spṛś

Root: spṛś (class 6)

जीर्णम् (jīrṇam) - old (person) (old, worn out, digested)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - old, worn out, decayed, digested

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √jṝ (to wear out, grow old)

Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: functions as a noun here, referring to an old person

स (sa) - that person (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy; happily)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort

Note: used adverbially with 'aśnute'

अश्नुते (aśnute) - experiences, enjoys (obtains, reaches, enjoys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 5)

पुनः (punaḥ) - furthermore, again (again, moreover, further)

(indeclinable)

युवा (yuvā) - young (person) (young, youth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvan

yuvan - young, youth, young man

Note: functions as a noun here, referring to a young person

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

ablative singular of 'tad'

Note: ablative singular of tad, functioning as an adverb 'therefore'

तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शंतनुम् (śaṁtanum) - Śaṃtanu

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - name of a king

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)