महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-90, verse-11

पूरोर्भार्या कौसल्या नाम ।
तस्यामस्य जज्ञे जनमेजयो नाम ।
यस्त्रीनश्वमेधानाजहार ।
विश्वजिता चेष्ट्वा वनं प्रविवेश ॥११॥

11. pūrorbhāryā kausalyā nāma ,
tasyāmasya jajñe janamejayo nāma ,
yastrīnaśvamedhānājahāra ,
viśvajitā ceṣṭvā vanaṁ praviveśa.

11. pūroḥ bhāryā kausalyā nāma tasyām
asya jajñe janamejayaḥ nāma
yaḥ trīn aśvamedhān ājāhāra
viśvajitā ca iṣṭvā vanam praviveśa

11. Pūru's wife was named Kausalyā. From her, his son Janamejaya was born, who performed three aśvamedha sacrifices, and after performing the Viśvajit sacrifice, he entered the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• पूरोः (pūroḥ) - of Pūru

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalyā

• नाम (nāma) - by name (name, by name, indeed)

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - from her (in her, from her)

• अस्य (asya) - his (of him, his)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

• नाम (nāma) - by name (name, by name, indeed)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• त्रीन् (trīn) - three

• अश्वमेधान् (aśvamedhān) - aśvamedhas

• आजाहार (ājāhāra) - performed (the sacrifices) (performed, brought, carried out)

• विश्वजिता (viśvajitā) - by the Viśvajit (sacrifice)

• च (ca) - and

• इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having sacrificed, after sacrificing

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered, went into

Words meanings and morphology

पूरोः (pūroḥ) - of Pūru

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pūru

pūru - a proper noun, a son of Yayāti, progenitor of the Pauravas

Note: Also ablative singular form.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife

Gerundive

Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -ya, meaning 'to be borne/supported/maintained', hence 'wife'.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalyā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - a proper noun, princess of Kosala, mother of Rāma or other queens with the same name

नाम (nāma) - by name (name, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as an indeclinable particle meaning 'by name' or 'named'.

तस्याम् (tasyām) - from her (in her, from her)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Locative case, implies 'from' in the context of birth.

अस्य (asya) - his (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, it

Note: Refers to Pūru.

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of jan

Perfect Middle

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person, singular number, middle voice, from root 'jan'.

Root: jan (class 4)

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - a proper noun, 'he who causes men to tremble' or 'conquers men'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jana+ejaya)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• ejaya – causing to tremble, agitating, conquering
  adjective (masculine)
  Causative Agent Noun
  Derived from root 'ejṛ' (to tremble) with causative 'i' and agentive suffix 'a', meaning 'one who causes to tremble'. In context, implies 'conquering'.
  Root: ejṛ (class 1)

नाम (nāma) - by name (name, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as an indeclinable particle meaning 'by name' or 'named'.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to Janamejaya.

त्रीन् (trīn) - three

(numeral)

Note: Also used for neuter plural accusative.

अश्वमेधान् (aśvamedhān) - aśvamedhas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśvamedha

aśvamedha - horse sacrifice, aśvamedha yagya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+medha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• medha – sacrifice, offering, fat
  noun (masculine)

आजाहार (ājāhāra) - performed (the sacrifices) (performed, brought, carried out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of hṛ

Perfect Active

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person, singular number, active voice, with prefix 'ā'. The root is 'hṛ', but 'jāhāra' is the perfect form with internal reduplication and sandhi.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: From 'ā' + 'hṛ' (to bring, perform). Perfect tense, 3rd singular.

विश्वजिता (viśvajitā) - by the Viśvajit (sacrifice)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśvajit

viśvajit - conquering all; a specific yagya (sacrifice) where one gives away all possessions

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viśva+jit)

• viśva – all, universal
  adjective (masculine)
• jit – conquering, victorious (derived from root ji)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'ji' (to conquer) with suffix '-t' forming an agent noun/adjective.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Viśvajit yagya.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having sacrificed, after sacrificing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'yaj' with suffix '-tvā'. The 'y' becomes 'i' due to grammatical rules (samprasāraṇa).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form (past participle active indeclinable).

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Denotes direction 'into the forest'.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered, went into

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of viś

Perfect Active

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person, singular number, active voice, with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)