महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-149, verse-48

योग इत्यथ सैन्यानां त्वरतां संप्रधावताम् ।
हयवारणशब्दश्च नेमिघोषश्च सर्वशः ।
शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिर्घोषस्तुमुलः सर्वतोऽभवत् ॥४८॥

48. yoga ityatha sainyānāṁ tvaratāṁ saṁpradhāvatām ,
hayavāraṇaśabdaśca nemighoṣaśca sarvaśaḥ ,
śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣastumulaḥ sarvato'bhavat.

48. yogaḥ iti atha sainyānām tvaratām
saṃpradhāvatām hayavāraṇaśabdaḥ ca
nemighoṣaḥ ca sarvaśaḥ śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣaḥ
tumulaḥ sarvataḥ abhavat

48. atha yogaḥ iti sainyānām tvaratām
saṃpradhāvatām ca hayavāraṇaśabdaḥ ca
nemighoṣaḥ ca sarvaśaḥ tumulaḥ
śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣaḥ sarvataḥ abhavat

48. Then, with the command 'Prepare!', as the armies swiftly advanced and rushed forward, a tumultuous clamor arose from all directions. This included the sounds of horses and elephants, the roar of chariot wheels from everywhere, and the blare of conch shells and drums.

Words meanings summery:

• योगः (yogaḥ) - battle array, preparation for battle (union, discipline, effort, preparation, battle array)

• इति (iti) - (marking the end of a command or statement) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or a specific statement)

• अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, now, thereupon)

• सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies (of the armies, of the soldiers)

• त्वरताम् (tvaratām) - of the hastening (armies/soldiers) (of the hastening ones, of those hurrying)

• संप्रधावताम् (saṁpradhāvatām) - of the rushing forth (armies/soldiers) (of the rushing forth ones, of those advancing quickly)

• हयवारणशब्दः (hayavāraṇaśabdaḥ) - sounds of horses and elephants (sound of horses and elephants)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नेमिघोषः (nemighoṣaḥ) - roar of chariot wheels (sound/roar of chariot wheels)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिर्घोषः (śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣaḥ) - blare of conch shells and drums (roar of conch shells and drums)

• तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous (tumultuous, boisterous, great)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all directions (from all sides, everywhere)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - arose (became, was, happened, arose)

Words meanings and morphology

योगः (yogaḥ) - battle array, preparation for battle (union, discipline, effort, preparation, battle array)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, connection, application, method, discipline, battle array

From root yuj- 'to join'

Root: yuj (class 7)

इति (iti) - (marking the end of a command or statement) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or a specific statement)

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies (of the armies, of the soldiers)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, soldier, belonging to an army

Derived from senā (army)

त्वरताम् (tvaratām) - of the hastening (armies/soldiers) (of the hastening ones, of those hurrying)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of tvarat

tvarat - hastening, hurrying, swift

Present Active Participle

From root tvar- 'to hurry'

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied agents within 'sainyānām'.

संप्रधावताम् (saṁpradhāvatām) - of the rushing forth (armies/soldiers) (of the rushing forth ones, of those advancing quickly)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of saṃpradhāvat

saṁpradhāvat - rushing forth, advancing quickly

Present Active Participle

From root dhāv- 'to run' with prefixes sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied agents within 'sainyānām'.

हयवारणशब्दः (hayavāraṇaśabdaḥ) - sounds of horses and elephants (sound of horses and elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hayavāraṇaśabda

hayavāraṇaśabda - sound of horses and elephants

Compound type : tatpurusha (hayavāraṇa+śabda)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• śabda – sound, noise, word
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

नेमिघोषः (nemighoṣaḥ) - roar of chariot wheels (sound/roar of chariot wheels)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nemighoṣa

nemighoṣa - sound of chariot wheels

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (nemi+ghoṣa)

• nemi – rim of a wheel, circumference
  noun (feminine)
• ghoṣa – sound, roar, clamor
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Suffix -śas to sarva (all)

शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिर्घोषः (śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣaḥ) - blare of conch shells and drums (roar of conch shells and drums)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣa

śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣa - roar/blare of conch shells and drums

Compound type : tatpurusha (śaṅkhadundubhi+nirghoṣa)

• śaṅkha – conch shell
  noun (masculine)
• dundubhi – drum
  noun (masculine)
• nirghoṣa – loud sound, roar, clang
  noun (masculine)

तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous (tumultuous, boisterous, great)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, boisterous, confused, noisy

Note: Agrees with 'śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣaḥ'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all directions (from all sides, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas to sarva (all)

अभवत् (abhavat) - arose (became, was, happened, arose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)