महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-149, verse-41

मयापि हि महाबाहो त्वत्प्रियार्थमरिंदम ।
कृतो यत्नो महांस्तत्र शमः स्यादिति भारत ।
धर्मस्य गतमानृण्यं न स्म वाच्या विवक्षताम् ॥४१॥

41. mayāpi hi mahābāho tvatpriyārthamariṁdama ,
kṛto yatno mahāṁstatra śamaḥ syāditi bhārata ,
dharmasya gatamānṛṇyaṁ na sma vācyā vivakṣatām.

41. mayā api hi mahābāho tvatpriyārtham
arindama kṛtaḥ yatnaḥ mahān tatra
śamaḥ syāt iti bhārata dharmasya
gatam ānṛṇyam na sma vācyā vivakṣatām

41. mahābāho arindama bhārata,
hi mayā api tvatpriyārtham tatra śamaḥ syāt iti mahān yatnaḥ kṛtaḥ.
dharmasya ānṛṇyam gatam,
vivakṣatām na vācyā sma.

41. O mighty-armed one (mahābāho), O vanquisher of foes (arindama), O descendant of Bharata (bhārata), indeed, I also made a great effort there for your benefit, hoping that peace (śama) might prevail. My obligation to (dharma) has been discharged; it is not a matter for others who wish to speak to discuss.

Words meanings summery:

• मया (mayā) - by me

• अपि (api) - even, also

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (if Vidura is speaking). (O mighty-armed one)

• त्वत्प्रियार्थम् (tvatpriyārtham) - for your sake, for your benefit/pleasure

• अरिन्दम (arindama) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (if Vidura is speaking). (O vanquisher of foes, O subduer of enemies)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

• यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, exertion

• महान् (mahān) - great, large

• तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the efforts for peace. (there, in that matter)

• शमः (śamaḥ) - peace, tranquility, cessation

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let there be, should be

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, (marks direct speech)

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (if Vidura is speaking). (O descendant of Bharata)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - Of my duty/obligation. (of duty, of (dharma), regarding righteousness)

• गतम् (gatam) - gone, attained

• आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt, discharge of obligation

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - Used here for emphasis or to complete the meter, not strictly indicating past tense. (indeed, (past tense indicator when used with present tense verb))

• वाच्या (vācyā) - Not to be spoken of / discussed. (to be spoken, to be said)

• विवक्षताम् (vivakṣatām) - Of those who wish to discuss or criticize. (of those wishing to speak, to those who wish to speak)

Words meanings and morphology

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (if Vidura is speaking). (O mighty-armed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, one with great arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

त्वत्प्रियार्थम् (tvatpriyārtham) - for your sake, for your benefit/pleasure

(indeclinable)

Compound used adverbially; literally 'for the purpose of your dear/pleasure'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvad+priya+artha)

• tvad – your (stem form)
  pronoun
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, benefit
  adjective (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here adverbially, equivalent to 'tvatpriyārthāya'.

अरिन्दम (arindama) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (if Vidura is speaking). (O vanquisher of foes, O subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduing enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (ari+dam)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dam – to tame, to subdue, to control
  verb
  agent noun/participle forming suffix -dama
  From root 'dam' (to tame, subdue).
  Root: dam (class 4)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'yatnaḥ'.

यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, exertion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, attempt

Derived from root 'yat' (to endeavor).

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtaḥ'.

महान् (mahān) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahant

mahant - great, large, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'yatnaḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the efforts for peace. (there, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the efforts for peace.

शमः (śamaḥ) - peace, tranquility, cessation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - peace, tranquility, cessation, quietude, control (of senses)

From root 'śam' (to be calm, to cease).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let there be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative

Third person singular optative active of root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, (marks direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the preceding clause is a quotation or intention.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (if Vidura is speaking). (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, related to India

Taddhita derivation from Bharata.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - Of my duty/obligation. (of duty, of (dharma), regarding righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, virtue, law, constitution, intrinsic nature, natural law

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker's duty or obligation.

गतम् (gatam) - gone, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, attained, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ānṛṇyam'.

आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt, discharge of obligation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ānṛṇya

ānṛṇya - freedom from debt, discharge of obligations or duties

From 'anṛṇa' (debt-free) + suffix 'ya' (abstract noun).

Note: Subject of 'gatam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'vācyā'.

स्म (sma) - Used here for emphasis or to complete the meter, not strictly indicating past tense. (indeed, (past tense indicator when used with present tense verb))

(indeclinable)

Note: Often considered an expletive or used for metrical purposes here, not strictly indicating past tense for 'vācyā' (which is a gerundive).

वाच्या (vācyā) - Not to be spoken of / discussed. (to be spoken, to be said)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, mentionable, proper to be spoken

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Gerundive of root 'vac' (to speak). Feminine nominative singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate meaning 'it is not to be spoken (of)'.

विवक्षताम् (vivakṣatām) - Of those who wish to discuss or criticize. (of those wishing to speak, to those who wish to speak)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vivakṣat

vivakṣat - wishing to speak, intending to speak, eloquent

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Genitive plural of the present active participle of the desiderative stem of root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies implied 'jana' (people) - 'of those people who wish to speak'.