महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-149, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
जनार्दनवचः श्रुत्वा धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
भ्रातॄनुवाच धर्मात्मा समक्षं केशवस्य ह ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
janārdanavacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
bhrātṝnuvāca dharmātmā samakṣaṁ keśavasya ha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | janārdanavacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ | bhrātṝn uvāca dharmātmā samakṣam keśavasya ha

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca janārdanavacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājaḥ
dharmātmā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ keśavasya samakṣam ha bhrātṝn uvāca

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard the words of Janārdana, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma) and a virtuous soul (dharmātman), then spoke to his brothers in the very presence of Keśava.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - name of the narrator in the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जनार्दनवचः (janārdanavacaḥ) - the word/speech of Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - an epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira (king of righteousness, king of justice)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - name of the eldest Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) brothers (brothers)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Yudhiṣṭhira, whose inner nature (ātman) is aligned with dharma (righteousness). (righteous soul, virtuous person)

• समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before the eyes of

• केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - name of the narrator in the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

जनार्दनवचः (janārdanavacaḥ) - the word/speech of Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of janārdanavacas

janārdanavacas - speech of Janārdana

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janārdana+vacas)

• janārdana – Kṛṣṇa (lit. 'stirrer of men')
  proper noun (masculine)
• vacas – word, speech, saying
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - an epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira (king of righteousness, king of justice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma, king of justice

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Short form of rājan
  Root: rāj (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - name of the eldest Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) brothers (brothers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Yudhiṣṭhira, whose inner nature (ātman) is aligned with dharma (righteousness). (righteous soul, virtuous person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose soul is righteous, virtuous soul

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before the eyes of

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sa+akṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye, sense organ
  noun (neuter)

केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Kṛṣṇa (lit. 'having fine hair')

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)