महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-155, verse-8

तमुग्रतपसः प्रीताः कृत्वा पार्थं प्रदक्षिणम् ।
ब्राह्मणास्तेऽन्वमोदन्त शिवेन कुशलेन च ॥८॥

8. tamugratapasaḥ prītāḥ kṛtvā pārthaṁ pradakṣiṇam ,
brāhmaṇāste'nvamodanta śivena kuśalena ca.

8. tam ugratapasaḥ prītāḥ kṛtvā pārtham pradakṣiṇam
brāhmaṇāḥ te anvamodanta śivena kuśalena ca

8. Then, those Brahmins, pleased by his fierce asceticism (tapas), performed a circumambulation (pradakṣiṇam) of Pārtha (Arjuna). They assented (to him) with auspiciousness and well-being.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

• उग्रतपसः (ugratapasaḥ) - of his (Arjuna's) fierce asceticism (tapas) (of fierce asceticism/austerity)

• प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - pleased, gratified

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha, Arjuna

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise), respectful circuit

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

• ते (te) - they, those

• अन्वमोदन्त (anvamodanta) - they approved, assented, rejoiced

• शिवेन (śivena) - with auspiciousness, with welfare

• कुशलेन (kuśalena) - with well-being, with skill, with happiness

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Pārtha/Arjuna from the previous verses.

उग्रतपसः (ugratapasaḥ) - of his (Arjuna's) fierce asceticism (tapas) (of fierce asceticism/austerity)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of ugratapas

ugratapas - fierce asceticism/austerity (tapas), severe penance

Compound type : tatpurusha (ugra+tapas)

• ugra – fierce, severe, terrible
  adjective
• tapas – asceticism, austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  from root tap (to heat, to perform austerity)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of pleasure, 'pleased by the quality of his fierce asceticism'.

प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - pleased, gratified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prīta

prīta - pleased, gratified, beloved

Past Passive Participle

root prī (to please, love) + kta suffix

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

root kṛ (to do, make) + ktvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Pārtha (a name for Arjuna)

Note: Object of circumambulation ('pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā').

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise), respectful circuit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - circumambulation (clockwise), respectful circuit

Note: Forms part of the verbal idiom with 'kṛtvā'.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Root: bṛh

Note: Subject of 'anvamodanta'.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

अन्वमोदन्त (anvamodanta) - they approved, assented, rejoiced

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of anumud

Imperfect Tense

root mud (1st class) with prefix anu + anta (3rd person plural middle imperfect ending)

Prefix: anu

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

शिवेन (śivena) - with auspiciousness, with welfare

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, benevolent, welfare, prosperity

Root: śī

Note: Indicates the manner or means of their assent.

कुशलेन (kuśalena) - with well-being, with skill, with happiness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - well-being, welfare, happiness, skill

Note: Indicates the manner or means of their assent.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śivena' and 'kuśalena'.