महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-155, verse-18

तमुपक्रम्य राजर्षिं धर्मात्मानमरिंदमाः ।
पाण्डवा वृषपर्वाणमवन्दन्त गतक्लमाः ॥१८॥

18. tamupakramya rājarṣiṁ dharmātmānamariṁdamāḥ ,
pāṇḍavā vṛṣaparvāṇamavandanta gataklamāḥ.

18. tam upakramya rājarṣim dharmātmānam ariṃdamāḥ
pāṇḍavāḥ vṛṣaparvāṇam avandanta gataklamāḥ

18. Having approached that royal sage (rājarṣi) Vṛṣaparvan, a righteous (dharmātman) soul, the Pāṇḍavas, who were subduers of foes (ariṃdama) and now free from weariness, paid homage to him.

18. מכניעי האויבים, בני פָּאנְדוּ, ניגשו אל המלך החוזה וְרְשְׁפַּרְוַן, בעל הנפש הצדיקה, והשתחוו לו, וכל עייפותם חלפה.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that Vṛṣaparvan (him, that)

• उपक्रम्य (upakramya) - having approached, having gone near

• राजर्षिम् (rājarṣim) - the royal sage

• धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - the righteous (dharmātman) sage Vṛṣaparvan (the righteous one, whose nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma))

• अरिंदमाः (ariṁdamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, as subduers of foes (the subduers of foes, controllers of enemies)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• वृषपर्वाणम् (vṛṣaparvāṇam) - Vṛṣaparvan

• अवन्दन्त (avandanta) - they bowed, they paid homage

• गतक्लमाः (gataklamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, now refreshed (whose weariness was gone, refreshed, relieved of fatigue)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that Vṛṣaparvan (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Refers to Vṛṣaparvan.

उपक्रम्य (upakramya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive of `√kram` (to step, go) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

राजर्षिम् (rājarṣim) - the royal sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage

compound of `rājan` (king) and `ṛṣi` (sage)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of `upakramya`.

धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - the righteous (dharmātman) sage Vṛṣaparvan (the righteous one, whose nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, pious, one whose nature is `dharma`

Bahuvrīhi compound: `dharma` (natural law) + `ātman` (self/soul/nature) -> "one whose self/nature is `dharma`"

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  from `√dhṛ` (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `rājarṣim`.

अरिंदमाः (ariṁdamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, as subduers of foes (the subduers of foes, controllers of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, controller of foes

compound of `ari` (enemy) and `dama` (subduer, tamer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing; a tamer, subduer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Agent noun from `√dam` (to tame)
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `pāṇḍavāḥ`.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of the verb `avandanta`.

वृषपर्वाणम् (vṛṣaparvāṇam) - Vṛṣaparvan

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣaparvan

vṛṣaparvan - Vṛṣaparvan (name of an Asura king or Rishi)

Note: Direct object of `avandanta`.

अवन्दन्त (avandanta) - they bowed, they paid homage

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vand

Imperfect tense (Laṅ)

3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Action performed by `pāṇḍavāḥ`.

गतक्लमाः (gataklamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, now refreshed (whose weariness was gone, refreshed, relieved of fatigue)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gataklama

gataklama - having gone weariness, relieved of fatigue, refreshed

Bahuvrīhi compound: `gata` (gone) + `klama` (weariness) -> "one whose weariness is gone"

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+klama)

• gata – gone, arrived, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of `√gam` (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• klama – weariness, fatigue, exhaustion
  noun (masculine)
  from `√klam` (to be weary)
  Root: klam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `pāṇḍavāḥ`.

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