महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-155, verse-18

तमुपक्रम्य राजर्षिं धर्मात्मानमरिंदमाः ।
पाण्डवा वृषपर्वाणमवन्दन्त गतक्लमाः ॥१८॥

18. tamupakramya rājarṣiṁ dharmātmānamariṁdamāḥ ,
pāṇḍavā vṛṣaparvāṇamavandanta gataklamāḥ.

18. tam upakramya rājarṣim dharmātmānam ariṃdamāḥ
pāṇḍavāḥ vṛṣaparvāṇam avandanta gataklamāḥ

18. Having approached that royal sage (rājarṣi) Vṛṣaparvan, a righteous (dharmātman) soul, the Pāṇḍavas, who were subduers of foes (ariṃdama) and now free from weariness, paid homage to him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that Vṛṣaparvan (him, that)

• उपक्रम्य (upakramya) - having approached, having gone near

• राजर्षिम् (rājarṣim) - the royal sage

• धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - the righteous (dharmātman) sage Vṛṣaparvan (the righteous one, whose nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma))

• अरिंदमाः (ariṁdamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, as subduers of foes (the subduers of foes, controllers of enemies)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• वृषपर्वाणम् (vṛṣaparvāṇam) - Vṛṣaparvan

• अवन्दन्त (avandanta) - they bowed, they paid homage

• गतक्लमाः (gataklamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, now refreshed (whose weariness was gone, refreshed, relieved of fatigue)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that Vṛṣaparvan (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Refers to Vṛṣaparvan.

उपक्रम्य (upakramya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive of `√kram` (to step, go) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

राजर्षिम् (rājarṣim) - the royal sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage

compound of `rājan` (king) and `ṛṣi` (sage)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of `upakramya`.

धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - the righteous (dharmātman) sage Vṛṣaparvan (the righteous one, whose nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, pious, one whose nature is `dharma`

Bahuvrīhi compound: `dharma` (natural law) + `ātman` (self/soul/nature) -> "one whose self/nature is `dharma`"

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  from `√dhṛ` (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `rājarṣim`.

अरिंदमाः (ariṁdamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, as subduers of foes (the subduers of foes, controllers of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, controller of foes

compound of `ari` (enemy) and `dama` (subduer, tamer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing; a tamer, subduer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Agent noun from `√dam` (to tame)
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `pāṇḍavāḥ`.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of the verb `avandanta`.

वृषपर्वाणम् (vṛṣaparvāṇam) - Vṛṣaparvan

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣaparvan

vṛṣaparvan - Vṛṣaparvan (name of an Asura king or Rishi)

Note: Direct object of `avandanta`.

अवन्दन्त (avandanta) - they bowed, they paid homage

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vand

Imperfect tense (Laṅ)

3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Action performed by `pāṇḍavāḥ`.

गतक्लमाः (gataklamāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, now refreshed (whose weariness was gone, refreshed, relieved of fatigue)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gataklama

gataklama - having gone weariness, relieved of fatigue, refreshed

Bahuvrīhi compound: `gata` (gone) + `klama` (weariness) -> "one whose weariness is gone"

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+klama)

• gata – gone, arrived, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of `√gam` (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• klama – weariness, fatigue, exhaustion
  noun (masculine)
  from `√klam` (to be weary)
  Root: klam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `pāṇḍavāḥ`.