महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-155, verse-48

प्रियव्रतैश्चातकैश्च तथान्यैर्विविधैः खगैः ।
श्रोत्ररम्यं सुमधुरं कूजद्भिश्चाप्यधिष्ठितान् ॥४८॥

48. priyavrataiścātakaiśca tathānyairvividhaiḥ khagaiḥ ,
śrotraramyaṁ sumadhuraṁ kūjadbhiścāpyadhiṣṭhitān.

48. priyavrataiḥ cātakaiḥ ca tathā anyaiḥ vividhaiḥ khagaiḥ
śrotraramyaṃ sumadhuraṃ kūjadbhiḥ ca api adhiṣṭitān

48. They (the previously mentioned trees and flowers) were inhabited by Priyavrata birds, Chataka birds, and other diverse birds, all of them chirping, creating sounds that were ear-pleasing and very sweet.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियव्रतैः (priyavrataiḥ) - by Priyavrata birds, with Priyavrata birds

• चातकैः (cātakaiḥ) - by Chataka birds, with Chataka birds

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise, also

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other, by others

• विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by diverse

• खगैः (khagaiḥ) - by birds, with birds

• श्रोत्ररम्यं (śrotraramyaṁ) - describing the chirping sounds (ear-pleasing, delightful to the ear)

• सुमधुरं (sumadhuraṁ) - describing the chirping sounds (very sweet, exceedingly melodious)

• कूजद्भिः (kūjadbhiḥ) - refers to the birds listed previously (by those chirping, by chirping ones)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अधिष्टितान् (adhiṣṭitān) - refers to the trees/places listed previously (occupied, inhabited, presided over)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियव्रतैः (priyavrataiḥ) - by Priyavrata birds, with Priyavrata birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of priyavrata

priyavrata - Priyavrata bird (a species of bird, possibly a type of cuckoo or sparrow), literally 'one whose vow is dear'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (priya+vrata)

• priya – dear, beloved
  adjective
• vrata – vow, sacred observance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to a specific bird species.

चातकैः (cātakaiḥ) - by Chataka birds, with Chataka birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cātaka

cātaka - Chataka bird (Cuculus melanoleucus), the pied crested cuckoo, believed to drink only rainwater

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise, also

(indeclinable)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other, by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different

Note: Modifies 'khagaiḥ'.

विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by diverse

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Note: Modifies 'khagaiḥ'.

खगैः (khagaiḥ) - by birds, with birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of khaga

khaga - bird (literally 'moving in the sky')

Compound type : tatpurusha (kha+ga)

• kha – sky, atmosphere, ether
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective
  Agent noun from root gam-
  from root gam- (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

श्रोत्ररम्यं (śrotraramyaṁ) - describing the chirping sounds (ear-pleasing, delightful to the ear)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śrotraramya

śrotraramya - ear-pleasing, delightful to the ear

Compound type : tatpurusha (śrotra+ramya)

• śrotra – ear
  noun (neuter)
• ramya – beautiful, delightful, charming
  adjective
  Gerundive
  from root ram- (to sport, to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'kūjanam' (chirping sound).

सुमधुरं (sumadhuraṁ) - describing the chirping sounds (very sweet, exceedingly melodious)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumadhura

sumadhura - very sweet, exceedingly melodious

Compound type : praadi (su+madhura)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• madhura – sweet, melodious
  adjective

Note: Qualifies the implied 'kūjanam' (chirping sound).

कूजद्भिः (kūjadbhiḥ) - refers to the birds listed previously (by those chirping, by chirping ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kūjat

kūjat - chirping, cooing, making sounds

Present Active Participle

from root kūj- (to chirp, to hum)

Root: kūj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the birds.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अधिष्टितान् (adhiṣṭitān) - refers to the trees/places listed previously (occupied, inhabited, presided over)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of adhiṣṭita

adhiṣṭita - occupied, inhabited, placed upon, presided over

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā- (to stand) with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the trees/places from the previous verses.