योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-56

अत्यजन्तः समुद्राश्च मर्यादामुद्रणं द्रुमाः ।
भूमेर्नभस्तलं यान्ति नभसो यान्ति भूतलम् ॥ ५६ ॥

atyajantaḥ samudrāśca maryādāmudraṇaṃ drumāḥ ,
bhūmernabhastalaṃ yānti nabhaso yānti bhūtalam 56

56. atyajantaḥ samudrāḥ ca maryādām udraṇam drumāḥ
bhūmeḥ nabhastalam yānti nabhasaḥ yānti bhūtalam

56. samudrāḥ ca drumāḥ maryādām udraṇam atyajantaḥ
bhūmeḥ nabhastalam yānti nabhasaḥ bhūtalam yānti

56. The oceans and trees, not abandoning their propensity to transgress boundaries, move from the surface of the earth to the sky and from the sky to the surface of the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्यजन्तः (atyajantaḥ) - not abandoning, not giving up, not forsaking

• समुद्राः (samudrāḥ) - oceans, seas

• च (ca) - and

• मर्यादाम् (maryādām) - (natural) limits or boundaries (boundary, limit, bounds, custom)

• उद्रणम् (udraṇam) - the act of exceeding boundaries or overflowing, understood as 'transgression' in this context to maintain coherence with 'atyajantaḥ maryādām'. (rising, overflowing, transgression (of limits))

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

• भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - from the earth, of the earth

• नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - sky-level, the expanse of the sky

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they move

• नभसः (nabhasaḥ) - from the sky, of the sky

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they move

• भूतलम् (bhūtalam) - earth-level, surface of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

अत्यजन्तः (atyajantaḥ) - not abandoning, not giving up, not forsaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atyajant

atyajant - not abandoning, not leaving

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from root √tyaj (class 1, to abandon, leave) with implied negation 'a-'.

Prefix: a

Root: tyaj (class 1)

समुद्राः (samudrāḥ) - oceans, seas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मर्यादाम् (maryādām) - (natural) limits or boundaries (boundary, limit, bounds, custom)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maryādā

maryādā - boundary, limit, moral law, custom

उद्रणम् (udraṇam) - the act of exceeding boundaries or overflowing, understood as 'transgression' in this context to maintain coherence with 'atyajantaḥ maryādām'. (rising, overflowing, transgression (of limits))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udraṇa

udraṇa - rising, swelling, overflowing, breaking out

From root ud-√rā or ud-√rabh (to rise, swell). In this context, interpreted as 'transgression' or 'exceeding limits' to fit the surrounding words, though 'atikrama' is a more common word for transgression.

Prefix: ud

Root: rā (class 2)

Note: Taken as the direct object of 'atyajantaḥ maryādām', i.e., 'not abandoning the transgression of boundaries'.

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree, forest

भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - from the earth, of the earth

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

Note: Can also be genitive, but ablative makes more sense here ('from the earth').

नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - sky-level, the expanse of the sky

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nabhastala

nabhastala - sky-surface, expanse of the sky

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nabhas+tala)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere, heaven
  noun (neuter)
• tala – surface, level, plain, bottom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'yānti'.

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they move

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of yā

Present Indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, parasmaipada, root yā (class 2)

Root: yā (class 2)

नभसः (nabhasaḥ) - from the sky, of the sky

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, heaven, cloud

Note: Can also be genitive, but ablative makes more sense here ('from the sky').

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they move

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of yā

Present Indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, parasmaipada, root yā (class 2)

Root: yā (class 2)

भूतलम् (bhūtalam) - earth-level, surface of the earth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhūtala

bhūtala - earth-surface, ground, surface of the earth

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhū+tala)

• bhū – earth, land, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, level, plain, bottom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'yānti'.