वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-57, verse-74

विद्रुतां वाहिनीं दृष्ट्वा स ददर्श नरान्तकम् ।
गृहीतप्रासमायान्तं हयपृष्ठे प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥७४॥

74. vidrutāṃ vāhinīṃ dṛṣṭvā sa dadarśa narāntakam ,
gṛhītaprāsamāyāntaṃ hayapṛṣṭhe pratiṣṭhitam.

74. vidrutām vāhinīm dṛṣṭvā sa dadarśa narāntakam
gṛhītaprāsam āyāntam hayapṛṣṭhe pratiṣṭhitam

74. sa vidrutām vāhinīm dṛṣṭvā narāntakam gṛhītaprāsam
āyāntam hayapṛṣṭhe pratiṣṭhitam dadarśa

74. After seeing the scattered army, he (Sugriva) observed Narantaka approaching, spear in hand, mounted on a horse.

Words meanings summery:

• विद्रुताम् (vidrutām) - the fleeing army (the fleeing, the dispersed)

• वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - the army, the host

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• स (sa) - Sugriva (he)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• नरान्तकम् (narāntakam) - Narantaka

• गृहीतप्रासम् (gṛhītaprāsam) - having taken a javelin, with javelin in hand

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• हयपृष्ठे (hayapṛṣṭhe) - on the back of a horse, on horseback

• प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - seated, mounted (on a horse) (established, standing, placed)

Words meanings and morphology

विद्रुताम् (vidrutām) - the fleeing army (the fleeing, the dispersed)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidrutā

vidrutā - fled, scattered, dispersed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √dru (to run) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vāhinīm'.

वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - the army, the host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, river

From √vah (to carry, lead).

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with -tvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of 'sa dadarśa'.

स (sa) - Sugriva (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Sugriva; subject of 'dadarśa'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √dṛś

Perfect Active

Root from dṛś (to see), reduplicated.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

नरान्तकम् (narāntakam) - Narantaka

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narāntaka

narāntaka - Narantaka (a demon, son of Ravana)

Compound of nara (man) and antaka (ender, destroyer) - 'ender of men'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+antaka)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• antaka – ender, destroyer, Yama (god of death)
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From √ant (to end).
  Root: ant (class 10)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

गृहीतप्रासम् (gṛhītaprāsam) - having taken a javelin, with javelin in hand

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛhītaprāsa

gṛhītaprāsa - having a javelin taken/grasped

Bahuvrīhi compound: gṛhītaḥ prāsaḥ yena saḥ (he by whom the javelin is grasped).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gṛhīta+prāsa)

• gṛhīta – taken, grasped, seized
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √grah (to seize, take).
  Root: grah (class 9)
• prāsa – javelin, spear, dart
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√as (to throw).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'narāntakam'.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - coming, approaching, arriving

Present Active Participle

Derived from √yā (to go) with prefix ā- and śatṛ affix.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'narāntakam'.

हयपृष्ठे (hayapṛṣṭhe) - on the back of a horse, on horseback

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hayapṛṣṭha

hayapṛṣṭha - horse's back

Compound of haya (horse) and pṛṣṭha (back).

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+pṛṣṭha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location for 'pratiṣṭhitam'.

प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - seated, mounted (on a horse) (established, standing, placed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, stationed, standing, placed, mounted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √sthā (to stand) with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'narāntakam'.