वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-57, verse-48

निजघ्नुः संयुगे क्रुद्धाः कवचाभरणावृतान् ।
के चिद् रथगतान् वीरान् गजवाजिगतानपि ॥४८॥

48. nijaghnuḥ saṃyuge kruddhāḥ kavacābharaṇāvṛtān ,
ke cid rathagatān vīrān gajavājigatānapi.

48. nijaghnuḥ saṃyuge kruddhāḥ kavacābharaṇāvṛtān
ke cit rathagatān vīrān gajavājigatān api

48. kruddhāḥ te saṃyuge kavacābharaṇāvṛtān nijaghnuḥ
ke cit rathagatān vīrān api gajavājigatān

48. Enraged, they (the Vanaras) killed in battle those (Rākṣasas) covered with armor and ornaments. Some (Vanaras also killed) warriors mounted on chariots, and those on elephants and horses.

Words meanings summery:

• निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat, in the struggle

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, furious, angry

• कवचाभरणावृतान् (kavacābharaṇāvṛtān) - those covered with armor and ornaments

• के (ke) - "some (of them)" referring to the Vanaras (some, who (nominative plural))

• चित् (cit) - "some" when combined with an interrogative pronoun (particle indicating indefiniteness or emphasis)

• रथगतान् (rathagatān) - those mounted on chariots, chariot-riders

• वीरान् (vīrān) - heroes, brave men, warriors

• गजवाजिगतान् (gajavājigatān) - those mounted on elephants and horses

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

Words meanings and morphology

निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ni-han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat, in the struggle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, struggle, confluence

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, furious, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as an adjective describing the subject.

कवचाभरणावृतान् (kavacābharaṇāvṛtān) - those covered with armor and ornaments

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kavacābharaṇāvṛta

kavacābharaṇāvṛta - covered with armor and ornaments

Compound. 'Āvṛta' (covered) is a PPP from ā-vṛ.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kavaca+ābharaṇa+āvṛta)

• kavaca – armor, cuirass
  noun (masculine)
• ābharaṇa – ornament, decoration
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• āvṛta – covered, enveloped, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Describes the Rākṣasas who were killed.

के (ke) - "some (of them)" referring to the Vanaras (some, who (nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used with 'cit' to form an indefinite pronoun.

चित् (cit) - "some" when combined with an interrogative pronoun (particle indicating indefiniteness or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

रथगतान् (rathagatān) - those mounted on chariots, chariot-riders

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathagata

rathagata - mounted on a chariot, in a chariot

Compound. 'Gata' (gone/mounted) is a PPP from gam.

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+gata)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• gata – gone, gone to, mounted on, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing 'vīrān'.

वीरान् (vīrān) - heroes, brave men, warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, warrior, strong

Root: vīr

Note: Object of 'nijaghnuḥ'.

गजवाजिगतान् (gajavājigatān) - those mounted on elephants and horses

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gajavājigata

gajavājigata - mounted on elephants and horses

Compound. 'Gata' (gone/mounted) is a PPP from gam.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (gaja+vājin+gata)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse, swift
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaj (class 1)
• gata – gone, gone to, mounted on
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing 'vīrān' (implied).

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)