वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-57, verse-39

ते ऽभिनिष्क्रम्य मुदिता राक्षसेन्द्रा महाबलाः ।
ददृशुर्वानरानीकं समुद्यतशिलानगम् ॥३९॥

39. te'bhiniṣkramya muditā rākṣasendrā mahābalāḥ ,
dadṛśurvānarānīkaṃ samudyataśilānagam.

39. te abhi niṣkramya muditāḥ rākṣasendrāḥ
mahābalāḥ dadṛśuḥ vānarānīkam samudyataśilānagam

39. Those greatly powerful lords of rākṣasas, having come out happily, saw the army of monkeys carrying uplifted rocks and mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those rākṣasas (they, those)

• अभि (abhi) - (as a verbal prefix intensifying 'niṣkramya') (towards, to, upon)

• निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having emerged from their stronghold (having gone out, having emerged)

• मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - in a joyful state (gladdened, delighted, happy)

• राक्षसेन्द्राः (rākṣasendrāḥ) - the leading rākṣasa commanders (lords of rākṣasas, chief rākṣasas)

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - possessing immense strength (very strong, greatly powerful)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - the rākṣasas saw (they saw)

• वानरानीकम् (vānarānīkam) - the large host of monkeys (army of monkeys, monkey army)

• समुद्यतशिलानगम् (samudyataśilānagam) - characterized by monkeys holding up rocks and mountains as weapons (having uplifted rocks and mountains)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those rākṣasas (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अभि (abhi) - (as a verbal prefix intensifying 'niṣkramya') (towards, to, upon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Serves as an upasarga to 'niṣkramya'.

निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having emerged from their stronghold (having gone out, having emerged)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root kram (to step, go) with prefixes nis (out) and abhi (towards/intensifying). The 'abhi' is separate here but contributes to the verb's meaning.

Prefixes: nis+abhi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating a completed action.

मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - in a joyful state (gladdened, delighted, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mudita

mudita - gladdened, delighted, happy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mud (to rejoice, be glad).

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasendrāḥ' and 'mahābalāḥ'.

राक्षसेन्द्राः (rākṣasendrāḥ) - the leading rākṣasa commanders (lords of rākṣasas, chief rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - lord of rākṣasas, chief rākṣasa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – a demon, a rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king; the god Indra
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb 'dadṛśuḥ'.

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - possessing immense strength (very strong, greatly powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, greatly powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasendrāḥ'.

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - the rākṣasas saw (they saw)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dadṛś

Perfect Active

Intensive reduplicated perfect form of root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

वानरानीकम् (vānarānīkam) - the large host of monkeys (army of monkeys, monkey army)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vānarānīka

vānarānīka - army of monkeys, monkey army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+anīka)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, troop
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the verb 'dadṛśuḥ'.

समुद्यतशिलानगम् (samudyataśilānagam) - characterized by monkeys holding up rocks and mountains as weapons (having uplifted rocks and mountains)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samudyataśilānaga

samudyataśilānaga - having uplifted rocks and mountains

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samudyata+śilā+naga)

• samudyata – uplifted, raised up, prepared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam (to restrain, hold) with prefixes sam (together) and ud (up).
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• śilā – rock, stone
  noun (feminine)
• naga – mountain, tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarānīkam'.