वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-57, verse-58

विकीर्णैः पर्वताग्रैश्च द्रुमैश्छिन्नैश्च संयुगे ।
हतैश्च कपिरक्षोभिर्दुर्गमा वसुधाभवत् ॥५८॥

58. vikīrṇaiḥ parvatāgraiśca drumaiśchinnaiśca saṃyuge ,
hataiśca kapirakṣobhirdurgamā vasudhābhavat.

58. vikīrṇaiḥ parvatāgraiḥ ca drumaiḥ chinnaiḥ ca saṃyuge
hataiḥ ca kapirākṣobhiḥ durgamā vasudhā abhavat

58. saṃyuge vikīrṇaiḥ parvatāgraiḥ ca chinnaiḥ drumaiḥ
ca hataiḥ ca kapirākṣobhiḥ vasudhā durgamā abhavat

58. In the battle, due to the scattered mountain peaks, the felled trees, and the slain monkeys and *rākṣasas*, the earth became impassable.

Words meanings summery:

• विकीर्णैः (vikīrṇaiḥ) - by the scattered (mountain peaks) (by scattered, by strewn)

• पर्वताग्रैः (parvatāgraiḥ) - by the mountain peaks (that were thrown in battle) (by mountain peaks)

• च (ca) - and

• द्रुमैः (drumaiḥ) - by the trees (that were felled) (by trees)

• छिन्नैः (chinnaiḥ) - by the cut-down (trees) (by cut, by felled)

• च (ca) - and

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in conflict

• हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain (monkeys and *rākṣasas*) (by slain, by killed)

• च (ca) - and

• कपिराक्षोभिः (kapirākṣobhiḥ) - by monkeys and *rākṣasas*

• दुर्गमा (durgamā) - difficult to traverse, impassable

• वसुधा (vasudhā) - earth, ground

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

विकीर्णैः (vikīrṇaiḥ) - by the scattered (mountain peaks) (by scattered, by strewn)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vikīrṇa

vikīrṇa - scattered, strewn, dispersed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ, 'to scatter', with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'parvatāgraiḥ'

पर्वताग्रैः (parvatāgraiḥ) - by the mountain peaks (that were thrown in battle) (by mountain peaks)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of parvatāgra

parvatāgra - mountain peak, summit

Compound type : Tatpurusha (parvata+agra)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, peak, front
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

द्रुमैः (drumaiḥ) - by the trees (that were felled) (by trees)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree

छिन्नैः (chinnaiḥ) - by the cut-down (trees) (by cut, by felled)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of chinna

chinna - cut, torn, felled, shattered

Past Passive Participle

From root chid, 'to cut'

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'drumaiḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict

हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain (monkeys and *rākṣasas*) (by slain, by killed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han, 'to strike, kill'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kapirākṣobhiḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कपिराक्षोभिः (kapirākṣobhiḥ) - by monkeys and *rākṣasas*

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kapirākṣasa

kapirākṣasa - monkey and *rākṣasa*

Compound type : Dvandva (kapi+rākṣasa)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• rākṣasa – demon, *rākṣasa*
  noun (masculine)

दुर्गमा (durgamā) - difficult to traverse, impassable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durgama

durgama - difficult to pass, impassable, inaccessible

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dur+gama)

• dur – difficult, bad (prefix)
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving, accessible
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root gam
  Derived from root gam, 'to go'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vasudhā'

वसुधा (vasudhā) - earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vasudhā

vasudhā - earth, ground, land (lit. 'treasure-bearing')

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)