वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-57, verse-42

तद्दृष्ट्वा बलमायान्तं लब्धलक्ष्याः प्लवंगमाः ।
समुद्यतमहाशैलाः संप्रणेदुर्मुहुर्मुहुः ॥४२॥

42. taddṛṣṭvā balamāyāntaṃ labdhalakṣyāḥ plavaṃgamāḥ ,
samudyatamahāśailāḥ saṃpraṇedurmuhurmuhuḥ.

42. tat dṛṣṭvā balam āyāntam labdhalakṣyāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ
samudyatamahāśailāḥ sampraṇeduḥ muhuḥ muhuḥ

42. Seeing that approaching army, the monkeys, having identified their target, and with huge mountains uplifted, roared repeatedly.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - referring to the rākṣasa army mentioned in previous verses (that, that (army))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after observing the enemy army (having seen)

• बलम् (balam) - the enemy army (army, force)

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - moving forward towards them (approaching, coming)

• लब्धलक्ष्याः (labdhalakṣyāḥ) - the monkeys having fixed their attention on the enemy as their target (having found their mark, having achieved their objective, having identified target)

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - the monkey warriors (monkeys (literally 'sky-goers' or 'leaping-goers'))

• समुद्यतमहाशैलाः (samudyatamahāśailāḥ) - the monkeys, each holding up a large mountain as a weapon (having uplifted great mountains)

• सम्प्रणेदुः (sampraṇeduḥ) - the monkeys let out a great roar of challenge (they roared, they shouted loudly)

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - roaring continuously or with great intensity (repeatedly, again and again, frequently)

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - roaring continuously or with great intensity (repeatedly, again and again, frequently)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - referring to the rākṣasa army mentioned in previous verses (that, that (army))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after observing the enemy army (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating a prior action.

बलम् (balam) - the enemy army (army, force)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - moving forward towards them (approaching, coming)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyāt

āyāt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix ā (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

लब्धलक्ष्याः (labdhalakṣyāḥ) - the monkeys having fixed their attention on the enemy as their target (having found their mark, having achieved their objective, having identified target)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of labdhalakṣya

labdhalakṣya - having found one's aim, having achieved one's objective, having identified a target

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (labdha+lakṣya)

• labdha – obtained, gained, acquired
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root labh (to obtain, gain).
  Root: labh (class 1)
• lakṣya – mark, target, aim, objective
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root lakṣ (to perceive, mark).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - the monkey warriors (monkeys (literally 'sky-goers' or 'leaping-goers'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (literally 'one who goes by leaping')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – leap, jump, swimming
  noun (masculine)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, goer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'sampraṇeduḥ'.

समुद्यतमहाशैलाः (samudyatamahāśailāḥ) - the monkeys, each holding up a large mountain as a weapon (having uplifted great mountains)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samudyatamahāśaila

samudyatamahāśaila - having uplifted great mountains

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samudyata+mahāśaila)

• samudyata – uplifted, raised up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam (to restrain, hold) with prefixes sam (together) and ud (up).
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• mahāśaila – great mountain, huge rock
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

सम्प्रणेदुः (sampraṇeduḥ) - the monkeys let out a great roar of challenge (they roared, they shouted loudly)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sampraṇad

Perfect Active

Derived from root nad (to sound, roar) with prefixes sam (together, completely) and pra (forth, intensely).

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - roaring continuously or with great intensity (repeatedly, again and again, frequently)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'muhuḥ muhuḥ'.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - roaring continuously or with great intensity (repeatedly, again and again, frequently)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition emphasizes frequency.