वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-57, verse-37

जगर्जुश्च प्रणेदुश्च चिक्षिपुश्चापि सायकान् ।
जहृषुश्च महात्मानो निर्यान्तो युद्धदुर्मदाः ॥३७॥

37. jagarjuśca praṇeduśca cikṣipuścāpi sāyakān ,
jahṛṣuśca mahātmāno niryānto yuddhadurmadāḥ.

37. jagajuḥ ca praṇeduḥ ca cikṣipuḥ ca api sāyakān
jahṛṣuḥ ca mahātmānaḥ niryāntaḥ yuddhadurmadāḥ

37. mahātmānaḥ yuddhadurmadāḥ niryāntaḥ jagajuḥ ca
praṇeduḥ ca sāyakān ca api cikṣipuḥ ca jahṛṣuḥ

37. They roared and shouted, and also hurled arrows. And the great-souled warriors, intoxicated by battle, rejoiced as they marched forth.

Words meanings summery:

• जगजुः (jagajuḥ) - they roared, they thundered

• च (ca) - and

• प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - they shouted, they sounded forth, they yelled

• च (ca) - and

• चिक्षिपुः (cikṣipuḥ) - hurled (arrows) (they hurled, they threw, they cast)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows, darts

• जहृषुः (jahṛṣuḥ) - they rejoiced, they were thrilled

• च (ca) - and

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - the great-souled warriors/demons (great-souled, noble, magnificent ones)

• निर्यान्तः (niryāntaḥ) - as they marched forth (to battle) (going forth, departing, marching out)

• युद्धदुर्मदाः (yuddhadurmadāḥ) - maddened by battle, intoxicated by war

Words meanings and morphology

जगजुः (jagajuḥ) - they roared, they thundered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of garj

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root garj (Class 1) in perfect tense (Liṭ). Reduplicated.

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the heroes/rakshasas.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - they shouted, they sounded forth, they yelled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of praṇad

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root nad (to sound) with upasarga pra-. Perfect tense (Liṭ).

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चिक्षिपुः (cikṣipuḥ) - hurled (arrows) (they hurled, they threw, they cast)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of kṣip

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root kṣip (Class 6) in perfect tense (Liṭ). Reduplicated.

Root: kṣip (class 6)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows, darts

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

From root so (to sharpen) or śi (to whet).

Note: Object of cikṣipuḥ.

जहृषुः (jahṛṣuḥ) - they rejoiced, they were thrilled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of hṛṣ

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root hṛṣ (Class 4) in perfect tense (Liṭ). Reduplicated.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to the heroes/rakshasas.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - the great-souled warriors/demons (great-souled, noble, magnificent ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous person, (maha: great, ātman: soul)

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of jahṛṣuḥ.

निर्यान्तः (niryāntaḥ) - as they marched forth (to battle) (going forth, departing, marching out)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niryāt

niryāt - going forth, departing

Present Active Participle

From root yā (to go) with upasarga nir-. Present stem + śatṛ.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

युद्धदुर्मदाः (yuddhadurmadāḥ) - maddened by battle, intoxicated by war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - maddened by battle, having evil pride in battle

Compound. yuddha (battle) + durmada (intoxicated, arrogant, mad).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from yudh)
  Derived from root yudh (to fight) with suffix -ta, used as a noun.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – arrogant, mad, intoxicated, evil pride
  adjective
  From dur (bad) + mada (intoxication, pride).
  Prefix: dur