महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-30, verse-63

एवं विद्वन्धर्मकथांश्च राजंस्तूष्णींभूतो जडवच्छल्य भूयाः ।
त्वं तस्य गोप्ता च जनस्य राजा षड्भागहर्ता शुभदुष्कृतस्य ॥६३॥

63. evaṁ vidvandharmakathāṁśca rājaṁ;stūṣṇīṁbhūto jaḍavacchalya bhūyāḥ ,
tvaṁ tasya goptā ca janasya rājā; ṣaḍbhāgahartā śubhaduṣkṛtasya.

63. evam vidvan dharmakathāḥ ca rājan
tūṣṇīmbhūtaḥ jaḍavat śalya bhūyāḥ
tvam tasya goptā ca janasya
rājā ṣaḍbhāgahartā śubhaduṣkṛtasya

63. evam vidvan rājan śalya,
dharmakathāḥ ca (śrutvā) tūṣṇīmbhūtaḥ jaḍavat bhūyāḥ.
tvam tasya janasya goptā ca rājā (asi) (ataḥ) śubhaduṣkṛtasya ṣaḍbhāgahartā (api asi)

63. Therefore, O wise one, O King, O Śalya, having heard these discourses on natural law (dharma), you should remain silent like an inert person. You are the protector and king of that people, and you receive one-sixth of their merits and demerits.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• विद्वन् (vidvan) - O wise one, knowing one

• धर्मकथाः (dharmakathāḥ) - these discourses on natural law (dharma) (discourses on natural law (dharma))

• च (ca) - and

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तूष्णीम्भूतः (tūṣṇīmbhūtaḥ) - having become silent, silent

• जडवत् (jaḍavat) - like an inert person, like an idiot

• शल्य (śalya) - O Śalya

• भूयाः (bhūyāḥ) - may you be, you should be

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (masculine/neuter singular genitive)

• गोप्ता (goptā) - protector, guardian

• च (ca) - and

• जनस्य (janasya) - of the people, of the folk

• राजा (rājā) - king

• षड्भागहर्ता (ṣaḍbhāgahartā) - recipient of one-sixth share

• शुभदुष्कृतस्य (śubhaduṣkṛtasya) - of good and bad deeds, of merit and demerit

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

विद्वन् (vidvan) - O wise one, knowing one

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - wise, knowing, learned

Present active participle

From root vid (to know), present active participle, nominative singular masculine.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Functions as a vocative.

धर्मकथाः (dharmakathāḥ) - these discourses on natural law (dharma) (discourses on natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of dharmakathā

dharmakathā - discourse on natural law, story of righteousness

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+kathā)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kathā – story, discourse, talk
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Refers to the preceding narrative about dharma.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

तूष्णीम्भूतः (tūṣṇīmbhūtaḥ) - having become silent, silent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tūṣṇīmbhūta

tūṣṇīmbhūta - silent, having become silent

Compound formed with a past passive participle

Compound: tūṣṇīm (silently) + bhūta (become, past passive participle from root bhū).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tūṣṇīm+bhūta)

• tūṣṇīm – silently, quietly
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, been, existed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (you, Śalya).

जडवत् (jaḍavat) - like an inert person, like an idiot

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat means 'like, as if'.

Note: Adverbial usage.

शल्य (śalya) - O Śalya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - name of a king, specifically the king of Madras

Note: The interlocutor of the speaker (Bhīṣma).

भूयाः (bhūyāḥ) - may you be, you should be

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative active

2nd person singular, optative mood, active voice. Implies a wish or command.

Root: bhū (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Śalya.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (masculine/neuter singular genitive)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the people mentioned in previous verses.

गोप्ता (goptā) - protector, guardian

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goptṛ

goptṛ - protector, guardian, preserver

Agent noun

Derived from root gup (to protect) with agentive suffix -tṛ.

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जनस्य (janasya) - of the people, of the folk

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `goptā` and `rājā`.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

षड्भागहर्ता (ṣaḍbhāgahartā) - recipient of one-sixth share

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣaḍbhāgahartṛ

ṣaḍbhāgahartṛ - one who takes a sixth part, recipient of a sixth share (of taxes or karma)

Agent noun

Compound: ṣaḍbhāga (sixth part) + hartṛ (taker).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ṣaḍbhāga+hartṛ)

• ṣaḍbhāga – a sixth part
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of ṣaṭ (six) and bhāga (share).
• hartṛ – taker, bearer, remover
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root hṛ (to take, carry).
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

शुभदुष्कृतस्य (śubhaduṣkṛtasya) - of good and bad deeds, of merit and demerit

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śubhaduṣkṛta

śubhaduṣkṛta - good and bad deeds, merit and demerit

Dvanda compound of śubha (good) and duṣkṛta (bad deed).

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+duṣkṛta)

• śubha – good, auspicious
  adjective (neuter)
• duṣkṛta – bad deed, sin, demerit
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle used as noun
  Compound of dus (bad) and kṛta (done).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies `ṣaḍbhāgahartā`.