महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-30, verse-52

अटता तु सदा देशान्नानाधर्मसमाकुलान् ।
आगच्छता महाराज बाह्लीकेषु निशामितम् ॥५२॥

52. aṭatā tu sadā deśānnānādharmasamākulān ,
āgacchatā mahārāja bāhlīkeṣu niśāmitam.

52. aṭatā tu sadā deśān nānādharma-samākulān
āgacchatā mahārāja bāhlīkeṣu niśāmitam

52. mahārāja aṭatā tu sadā nānādharma-samākulān
deśān āgacchatā bāhlīkeṣu niśāmitam

52. O great king, while I was constantly wandering through various lands, which are full of diverse social customs (dharma), and upon arriving here, I observed the following among the Bāhlīkas:

Words meanings summery:

• अटता (aṭatā) - by me, while wandering (by one wandering, by a wanderer, while wandering)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

• देशान् (deśān) - countries, lands, regions

• नानाधर्म-समाकुलान् (nānādharma-samākulān) - filled with various customs/laws, crowded with diverse (social) norms

• आगच्छता (āgacchatā) - by me, upon arriving (by one coming, while coming)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• बाह्लीकेषु (bāhlīkeṣu) - among the Bāhlīkas, in the country of Bāhlīka

• निशामितम् (niśāmitam) - it was observed, it was heard, it was seen

Words meanings and morphology

अटता (aṭatā) - by me, while wandering (by one wandering, by a wanderer, while wandering)

(participle)

Instrumental, singular of aṭat

aṭat - wandering, moving, roaming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √aṭ (class 1 P) with the present active participle suffix -at.

Root: aṭ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'sa' with suffix -dā.

देशान् (deśān) - countries, lands, regions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deśa

deśa - place, region, country

Root: diś

Note: Object of wandering.

नानाधर्म-समाकुलान् (nānādharma-samākulān) - filled with various customs/laws, crowded with diverse (social) norms

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nānādharma-samākula

nānādharma-samākula - filled with various customs/laws

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānā+dharma+samākula)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
  Adverbial or used as an adjective for 'various'.
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, custom
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• samākula – crowded, filled, confused, disordered
  adjective
  From sam + ā + √kul (to accumulate, to crowd).
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul

Note: Qualifies `deśān`.

आगच्छता (āgacchatā) - by me, upon arriving (by one coming, while coming)

(participle)

Instrumental, singular of āgacchat

āgacchat - coming, arriving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √gam (class 1 P) with upasarga ā- and present active participle suffix -at.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

Note: Addressing the king.

बाह्लीकेषु (bāhlīkeṣu) - among the Bāhlīkas, in the country of Bāhlīka

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bāhlīka

bāhlīka - inhabitant of Bāhlīka (Balkh), a people/country

Derived from Bāhlī (Balkh) + suffix -ka.

Note: Location where the observation was made.

निशामितम् (niśāmitam) - it was observed, it was heard, it was seen

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niśāmita

niśāmita - observed, heard, seen, noticed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni + √śam (to see, perceive, hear).

Prefix: ni

Root: śam

Note: The 'it' refers to the following statements in the next verses.