महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-30, verse-53

तत्रैव ब्राह्मणो भूत्वा ततो भवति क्षत्रियः ।
वैश्यः शूद्रश्च बाह्लीकस्ततो भवति नापितः ॥५३॥

53. tatraiva brāhmaṇo bhūtvā tato bhavati kṣatriyaḥ ,
vaiśyaḥ śūdraśca bāhlīkastato bhavati nāpitaḥ.

53. tatra eva brāhmaṇaḥ bhūtvā tataḥ bhavati kṣatriyaḥ
vaiśyaḥ śūdraḥ ca bāhlīkaḥ tataḥ bhavati nāpitaḥ

53. tatra eva brāhmaṇaḥ bhūtvā tataḥ kṣatriyaḥ bhavati
bāhlīkaḥ vaiśyaḥ śūdraḥ ca tataḥ nāpitaḥ bhavati

53. In that very place [among the Bāhlīkas], a person, having become a Brahmin, then becomes a Kṣatriya. Subsequently, a Bāhlīka also becomes a Vaiśya, a Śūdra, and then a barber.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that very place (among the Bāhlīkas) (there, in that place)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kṣatriya, a warrior, a ruler

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya, a merchant, a farmer

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra, a laborer

• च (ca) - and, also

• बाह्लीकः (bāhlīkaḥ) - a Bāhlīka, an inhabitant of Bāhlīka

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• नापितः (nāpitaḥ) - a barber

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that very place (among the Bāhlīkas) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad' with suffix -tra.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

From 'brahman' + suffix -aṇ.

Note: Subject of the first 'bhavati'.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root √bhū (to be, to become) with suffix -tvā.

Root: bhū (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad' with suffix -tas.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicates the change of state.

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kṣatriya, a warrior, a ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior/ruler class, a Kṣatriya

From 'kṣatra' (dominion, power) + suffix -iya.

Note: Complement of 'bhavati'.

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya, a merchant, a farmer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the merchant/farmer class, a Vaiśya

From 'viś' (settlement, community) + suffix -ya.

Note: Complement of the second 'bhavati'.

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra, a laborer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the laborer class, a Śūdra

Note: Complement of the second 'bhavati'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

बाह्लीकः (bāhlīkaḥ) - a Bāhlīka, an inhabitant of Bāhlīka

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāhlīka

bāhlīka - inhabitant of Bāhlīka (Balkh), a people/country

Derived from Bāhlī (Balkh) + suffix -ka.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad' with suffix -tas.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicates the change of state.

नापितः (nāpitaḥ) - a barber

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāpita

nāpita - barber

From √nap (to cut) + suffix -ita.

Root: nap

Note: Complement of the second 'bhavati'.