महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-30, verse-13

कार्येणात्यर्थगाढेन बाह्लीकेषूषितं मया ।
तत एषां समाचारः संवासाद्विदितो मम ॥१३॥

13. kāryeṇātyarthagāḍhena bāhlīkeṣūṣitaṁ mayā ,
tata eṣāṁ samācāraḥ saṁvāsādvidito mama.

13. kāryeṇa atyarthagāḍhena bāhlīkeṣu uṣitam mayā
tataḥ eṣām samācāraḥ saṃvāsāt viditaḥ mama

13. atyarthagāḍhena kāryeṇa mayā bāhlīkeṣu uṣitam
tataḥ saṃvāsāt eṣām samācāraḥ mama viditaḥ

13. I resided among the Bāhlīkas because of a very urgent matter. Consequently, I learned their customs and conduct through my close association (saṃvāsa) with them.

Words meanings summery:

• कार्येण (kāryeṇa) - due to a task/matter (by work, by action, due to a task)

• अत्यर्थगाढेन (atyarthagāḍhena) - by an extremely pressing (by extremely deep/intense/pressing)

• बाह्लीकेषु (bāhlīkeṣu) - among the Bāhlīkas (a people) (among the Bāhlīkas, in Bāhlīka)

• उषितम् (uṣitam) - resided (resided, dwelt, stayed (past passive participle))

• मया (mayā) - by me

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, consequently (then, from there, therefore)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (Bāhlīkas) (of these (masculine/neuter plural))

• समाचारः (samācāraḥ) - conduct, customs (conduct, behavior, custom, news)

• संवासात् (saṁvāsāt) - from living together (with them) (from co-residence, from living together)

• विदितः (viditaḥ) - became known (known, understood, perceived (past passive participle))

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

कार्येण (kāryeṇa) - due to a task/matter (by work, by action, due to a task)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, action, business, purpose, duty, to be done

Gerundive/Passive Future Participle

From √kṛ (to do) + suffix -ya. Can function as a noun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the cause or reason.

अत्यर्थगाढेन (atyarthagāḍhena) - by an extremely pressing (by extremely deep/intense/pressing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of atyarthagāḍha

atyarthagāḍha - very firm, very deep, very intense

Compound of 'ati' (excessive), 'artha' (meaning, purpose, wealth), and 'gāḍha' (deep, firm). 'ati' + 'artha' forms 'atyartha' (excessive, much).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyartha+gāḍha)

• atyartha – excessive, very much, greatly
  adjective
  ati (prefix/preposition) + artha (meaning/purpose)
  Prefix: ati
• gāḍha – deep, firm, intense, profound, pressing
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'kāryeṇa'.

बाह्लीकेषु (bāhlīkeṣu) - among the Bāhlīkas (a people) (among the Bāhlīkas, in Bāhlīka)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bāhlīka

bāhlīka - an inhabitant of Bāhlīka (Balkh); a country (Balkh)

Note: Locative plural, indicating place of residence.

उषितम् (uṣitam) - resided (resided, dwelt, stayed (past passive participle))

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uṣita

uṣita - dwelt, resided, stayed

Past Passive Participle

From root √vas (to dwell) - irregular participle formation.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Passive construction, 'resided by me'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Instrumental singular of 'aham'.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, consequently (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that).

Note: Functions as a conjunction/adverb.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (Bāhlīkas) (of these (masculine/neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Genitive plural of 'etad'.

Note: Possessive, 'their'.

समाचारः (samācāraḥ) - conduct, customs (conduct, behavior, custom, news)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samācāra

samācāra - conduct, practice, custom, usage, news

Compound of 'sam' (together, with) + 'ācāra' (conduct).

Compound type : pradi-tatpuruṣa (sam+ācāra)

• sam – with, together, complete, perfect
  indeclinable
• ācāra – conduct, custom, usage, practice
  noun (masculine)
  ā (prefix) + √car (to move/behave)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'viditaḥ'.

संवासात् (saṁvāsāt) - from living together (with them) (from co-residence, from living together)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃvāsa

saṁvāsa - co-residence, dwelling together, intimacy, association

Compound of 'sam' (with, together) + 'vāsa' (dwelling).

Compound type : pradi-tatpuruṣa (sam+vāsa)

• sam – with, together, complete, perfect
  indeclinable
• vāsa – dwelling, abode, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source of knowledge.

विदितः (viditaḥ) - became known (known, understood, perceived (past passive participle))

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root √vid (to know) + suffix -ta.

Root: vid (class 2)

मम (mama) - to me (to me, my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Genitive singular of 'aham', often used with passive verbs to indicate the recipient of the action (dative-like).

Note: Functions like a dative here, 'to me'.