महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-30, verse-43

पञ्च नद्यो वहन्त्येता यत्र निःसृत्य पर्वतात् ।
आरट्टा नाम बाह्लीका न तेष्वार्यो द्व्यहं वसेत् ॥४३॥

43. pañca nadyo vahantyetā yatra niḥsṛtya parvatāt ,
āraṭṭā nāma bāhlīkā na teṣvāryo dvyahaṁ vaset.

43. pañca nadyaḥ vahanti etāḥ yatra niḥsṛtya parvatāt
āraṭṭāḥ nāma bāhlīkāḥ na teṣu āryaḥ dvyaham vaset

43. āryaḥ yatra etāḥ pañca nadyaḥ parvatāt niḥsṛtya
vahanti teṣu nāma bāhlīkāḥ āraṭṭāḥ dvyaham na vaset

43. Where these five rivers flow, having emerged from a mountain, among those Āraṭṭas (people) of Bāhlīka, a noble person (ārya) should not dwell for even two days.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्च (pañca) - five.

• नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers.

• वहन्ति (vahanti) - flow. (they flow, they carry.)

• एताः (etāḥ) - these.

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place.

• निःसृत्य (niḥsṛtya) - having emerged, having flowed out.

• पर्वतात् (parvatāt) - from the mountain.

• आरट्टाः (āraṭṭāḥ) - the Araṭṭas.

• नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name or emphasize. 'named' or 'so-called'. (named, by name, indeed, verily.)

• बाह्लीकाः (bāhlīkāḥ) - the people of Bāhlīka.

• न (na) - not, no.

• तेषु (teṣu) - among those (people/places). (among them, in those.)

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble or cultured person. (a noble person, a respectable person, an Aryan.)

• द्व्यहम् (dvyaham) - even for two days (implying 'not even for a short time'). (for two days.)

• वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell. (he should dwell, he should reside.)

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्च (pañca) - five.

(numeral)

Note: Adjective for nadyaḥ.

नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers.

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river.

Feminine noun.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Subject of vahanti.

वहन्ति (vahanti) - flow. (they flow, they carry.)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vah

present active 3rd plural.

From root vah (to carry, flow).

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Main verb in the subordinate clause.

एताः (etāḥ) - these.

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these.

Demonstrative pronoun, feminine plural nominative.

Note: Adjective for nadyaḥ.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place.

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb.

Note: Introduces the subordinate clause describing the location.

निःसृत्य (niḥsṛtya) - having emerged, having flowed out.

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From nis (out) + root sṛ (to flow, move) with suffix -ya (labhya).

Prefix: nis

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main action in the clause.

पर्वतात् (parvatāt) - from the mountain.

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill.

Masculine noun.

Note: Indicates origin of movement for niḥsṛtya.

आरट्टाः (āraṭṭāḥ) - the Araṭṭas.

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āraṭṭa

āraṭṭa - Name of a people or region, often associated with impurity.

Note: In apposition to bāhlīkāḥ, indicating the specific people.

नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name or emphasize. 'named' or 'so-called'. (named, by name, indeed, verily.)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

बाह्लीकाः (bāhlīkāḥ) - the people of Bāhlīka.

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāhlīka

bāhlīka - inhabitant of Bāhlīka (Balkh), a region in ancient Afghanistan/Central Asia.

Note: Refers to the people.

न (na) - not, no.

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

तेषु (teṣu) - among those (people/places). (among them, in those.)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those.

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural locative.

Note: Locative of place/people where one should not dwell.

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble or cultured person. (a noble person, a respectable person, an Aryan.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable; an Aryan.

Refers to a person adhering to Vedic/Dharmic principles.

Note: Subject of na vaset.

द्व्यहम् (dvyaham) - even for two days (implying 'not even for a short time'). (for two days.)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvyaha

dvyaha - a period of two days.

Compound of dvi (two) and ahan (day). Accusative used adverbially for duration.

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+ahan)

• dvi – two.
  numeral
• ahan – day.
  noun (neuter)
  n-stem neuter noun.

Note: Adverbial accusative of duration.

वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell. (he should dwell, he should reside.)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vas

optative active 3rd singular.

From root vas (to dwell) in the optative mood.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.