महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-30, verse-62

आ मत्स्येभ्यः कुरुपाञ्चालदेश्या आ नैमिषाच्चेदयो ये विशिष्टाः ।
धर्मं पुराणमुपजीवन्ति सन्तो मद्रानृते पञ्चनदांश्च जिह्मान् ॥६२॥

62. ā matsyebhyaḥ kurupāñcāladeśyā; ā naimiṣāccedayo ye viśiṣṭāḥ ,
dharmaṁ purāṇamupajīvanti santo; madrānṛte pañcanadāṁśca jihmān.

62. ā matsyebhyaḥ kurupāñcāladeśyāḥ
ā naimiṣāt ca cedayaḥ ye viśiṣṭāḥ
dharmam purāṇam upajīvanti santaḥ
madrān ṛte pañcanadān ca jihmān

62. matsyebhyaḥ ā kurupāñcāladeśyāḥ ca naimiṣāt ā ye viśiṣṭāḥ cedayaḥ santaḥ purāṇam dharmam upajīvanti,
madrān pañcanadān ca jihmān ṛte

62. The distinguished (viśiṣṭāḥ) people from the Matsyas, those from the Kuru-Pañcāla regions, and the Cedis from Naimiṣa – these good people (santaḥ) follow the ancient natural law (dharma), with the exception of the Madras and the deceitful (jihmān) Pañcanadas.

Words meanings summery:

• आ (ā) - up to, from, until, entirely

• मत्स्येभ्यः (matsyebhyaḥ) - from the Matsyas

• कुरुपाञ्चालदेश्याः (kurupāñcāladeśyāḥ) - people of the Kuru-Pañcāla country/region

• आ (ā) - up to, from, until, entirely

• नैमिषात् (naimiṣāt) - from Naimiṣa

• च (ca) - and

• चेदयः (cedayaḥ) - the Cedis

• ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)

• विशिष्टाः (viśiṣṭāḥ) - distinguished, excellent, specific

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the ancient natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• पुराणम् (purāṇam) - ancient, old

• उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - they live by, they subsist on, they follow

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (santaḥ) (good people, righteous ones, existent ones)

• मद्रान् (madrān) - the Madras

• ऋते (ṛte) - except, without, besides

• पञ्चनदान् (pañcanadān) - the Pañcanadas

• च (ca) - and

• जिह्मान् (jihmān) - crooked, deceitful, dishonest

Words meanings and morphology

आ (ā) - up to, from, until, entirely

(indeclinable)

मत्स्येभ्यः (matsyebhyaḥ) - from the Matsyas

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - the people of the Matsya kingdom; a fish

Note: Indicates origin in conjunction with 'ā'.

कुरुपाञ्चालदेश्याः (kurupāñcāladeśyāḥ) - people of the Kuru-Pañcāla country/region

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurupāñcāladeśya

kurupāñcāladeśya - related to or belonging to the Kuru-Pañcāla region

Derived from Kuru-Pañcāla-deśa + ya (suffix for belonging).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+pāñcāla+deśya)

• kuru – the Kuru kingdom/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāñcāla – the Pañcāla kingdom/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• deśya – belonging to a country/region
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used as a noun, referring to the people.

आ (ā) - up to, from, until, entirely

(indeclinable)

नैमिषात् (naimiṣāt) - from Naimiṣa

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of naimiṣa

naimiṣa - Naimiṣa (a forest or region associated with sages)

Note: Indicates origin in conjunction with 'ā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चेदयः (cedayaḥ) - the Cedis

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cedi

cedi - the people of Cedi, an ancient kingdom; a king of Cedi

ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the people listed before.

विशिष्टाः (viśiṣṭāḥ) - distinguished, excellent, specific

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, specific, particular

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi- + root śiṣ (to distinguish, be prominent).

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ

Note: Agrees with 'ye' and the implied subjects.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the ancient natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit

Derived from root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पुराणम् (purāṇam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purāṇa

purāṇa - ancient, old, former; also a genre of religious texts

Note: Agrees with `dharmam`.

उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - they live by, they subsist on, they follow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of upajīv

Present active indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice. From upasarga 'upa' and root 'jīv' (to live).

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (santaḥ) (good people, righteous ones, existent ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, righteous, existing, real

Present active participle

Present participle of the verb 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

मद्रान् (madrān) - the Madras

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of madra

madra - the people of Madra, an ancient kingdom

Note: Object of `ṛte`.

ऋते (ṛte) - except, without, besides

(indeclinable)

Note: Can govern ablative or accusative.

पञ्चनदान् (pañcanadān) - the Pañcanadas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pañcanada

pañcanada - the people of the Five Rivers (Punjab region)

Compound type : dvigu (pañcan+nada)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• nada – river
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `ṛte`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जिह्मान् (jihmān) - crooked, deceitful, dishonest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jihma

jihma - crooked, slanting, dishonest, deceitful

Note: Agrees with `pañcanadān`.