महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-69

अहिंसा सत्यवचनं सर्वभूतहितं परम् ।
अहिंसा परमो धर्मः स च सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितः ।
सत्ये कृत्वा प्रतिष्ठां तु प्रवर्तन्ते प्रवृत्तयः ॥६९॥

69. ahiṁsā satyavacanaṁ sarvabhūtahitaṁ param ,
ahiṁsā paramo dharmaḥ sa ca satye pratiṣṭhitaḥ ,
satye kṛtvā pratiṣṭhāṁ tu pravartante pravṛttayaḥ.

69. ahiṃsā satyavacanam sarvabhūtahitaṃ
param ahiṃsā paramaḥ dharmaḥ saḥ ca
satye pratiṣṭhitaḥ satye kṛtvā
pratiṣṭhāṃ tu pravartante pravṛttayaḥ

69. Non-violence, truthful speech, and the supreme welfare of all beings are paramount. Non-violence (ahiṃsā) is the supreme natural law (dharma), and that (dharma) is founded upon truth. Indeed, all activities proceed by establishing themselves in truth.

Words meanings summery:

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

• सत्यवचनम् (satyavacanam) - truthful speech, true word

• सर्वभूतहितं (sarvabhūtahitaṁ) - the welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, paramount

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

• परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

• सः (saḥ) - that (referring to dharma) (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

• प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - established, founded, based, standing

• सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• प्रतिष्ठां (pratiṣṭhāṁ) - establishment, foundation, basis

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they proceed, they act, they function

• प्रवृत्तयः (pravṛttayaḥ) - all activities (activities, actions, tendencies)

Words meanings and morphology

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness

From 'a-' (negation) + 'hiṃsā' (violence). 'hiṃsā' from 'hiṃs' root.

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

सत्यवचनम् (satyavacanam) - truthful speech, true word

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satyavacana

satyavacana - truthful speech, a true statement

Compound of 'satya' (truth) and 'vacana' (speech).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satya+vacana)

• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)
• vacana – speech, word, saying
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vac' (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वभूतहितं (sarvabhūtahitaṁ) - the welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarvabhūtahita

sarvabhūtahita - welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures

Compound of 'sarva' (all), 'bhūta' (beings), 'hita' (welfare/beneficial).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+hita)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, exist).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• hita – welfare, good, beneficial
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā' (to place/do), commonly understood as beneficial.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, paramount

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, best, ultimate

Superlative form of 'para' (other, distant).

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness

From 'a-' (negation) + 'hiṃsā' (violence). 'hiṃsā' from 'hiṃs' root.

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, best, ultimate

Superlative form of 'para' (other, distant).

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support, maintain) + suffix 'man'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (referring to dharma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, genuineness

From 'sat' (being, existing) + suffix 'ya'.

Root: as (class 2)

प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - established, founded, based, standing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, founded, placed, standing, firm

Past Passive Participle

From 'prati' (prefix) + root 'sthā' (to stand) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ' and 'saḥ'.

सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, genuineness

From 'sat' (being, existing) + suffix 'ya'.

Root: as (class 2)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + suffix 'tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रतिष्ठां (pratiṣṭhāṁ) - establishment, foundation, basis

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratiṣṭhā

pratiṣṭhā - establishment, foundation, basis, support, fame

From 'prati' (prefix) + root 'sthā' (to stand, establish).

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizing particle.

प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they proceed, they act, they function

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root 'vṛt' with prefix 'pra'. 'vṛt' is 1st class (vṛtate).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्रवृत्तयः (pravṛttayaḥ) - all activities (activities, actions, tendencies)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, action, tendency, engagement, manifestation

From 'pra' (prefix) + root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) + suffix 'ti'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'pravartante'.