महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-40

मृषावादं परिहरेत्कुर्यात्प्रियमयाचितः ।
न च कामान्न संरम्भान्न द्वेषाद्धर्ममुत्सृजेत् ॥४०॥

40. mṛṣāvādaṁ pariharetkuryātpriyamayācitaḥ ,
na ca kāmānna saṁrambhānna dveṣāddharmamutsṛjet.

40. mṛṣāvādam pariharet kuryāt priyam ayācitaḥ na ca
kāmāt na saṃrambhāt na dveṣāt dharmam utsṛjet

40. One should avoid false speech and do what is pleasing even unasked. One should not abandon natural law (dharma) out of desire, nor anger, nor hatred.

Words meanings summery:

• मृषावादम् (mṛṣāvādam) - false speech, lie

• परिहरेत् (pariharet) - one should avoid, one should shun, one should abandon

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

• प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasing/agreeable (agreeable, pleasing, dear (noun: a pleasant thing))

• अयाचितः (ayācitaḥ) - unasked, unrequested

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire (kāma)

• न (na) - not

• संरम्भात् (saṁrambhāt) - from anger, from passion, from fury

• न (na) - not

• द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - from hatred, from animosity

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

• उत्सृजेत् (utsṛjet) - one should abandon, one should give up, one should cast off

Words meanings and morphology

मृषावादम् (mṛṣāvādam) - false speech, lie

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛṣāvāda

mṛṣāvāda - false speech, lying

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛṣā+vāda)

• mṛṣā – falsely, untruly
  indeclinable
• vāda – speech, assertion, saying
  noun (masculine)
  from vad (to speak) + ghañ
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Object of `pariharet`.

परिहरेत् (pariharet) - one should avoid, one should shun, one should abandon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of parihṛ

Prefix: pari

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Implies 'one should'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies 'one should'.

प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasing/agreeable (agreeable, pleasing, dear (noun: a pleasant thing))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

Root: prī

Note: Used as a substantive, 'the agreeable thing'.

अयाचितः (ayācitaḥ) - unasked, unrequested

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayācita

ayācita - unasked, unrequested, unbegged

Past Passive Participle

a (not) + yāc (to ask) + kta

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yācita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• yācita – asked, requested
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from yāc (to ask) + kta
  Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied agent (he who should do).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire (kāma)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing (kāma)

from kam (to desire) + ghañ

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated 'na' for emphasis or to negate each subsequent ablative.

संरम्भात् (saṁrambhāt) - from anger, from passion, from fury

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃrambha

saṁrambha - anger, fury, passion, indignation

from sam (together) + rabh (to take hold of) + ghañ

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - from hatred, from animosity

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dveṣa

dveṣa - hatred, aversion, enmity

from dviṣ (to hate) + ghañ

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, natural law (dharma)

from dhṛ (to uphold, support) + man

Root: dhṛ

Note: Object of `utsṛjet`.

उत्सृजेत् (utsṛjet) - one should abandon, one should give up, one should cast off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of utsṛj

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Implies 'one should'.