महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-19

व्याध उवाच ।
कुलोचितमिदं कर्म पितृपैतामहं मम ।
वर्तमानस्य मे धर्मे स्वे मन्युं मा कृथा द्विज ॥१९॥

19. vyādha uvāca ,
kulocitamidaṁ karma pitṛpaitāmahaṁ mama ,
vartamānasya me dharme sve manyuṁ mā kṛthā dvija.

19. vyādhaḥ uvāca kulocitam idam karma pitṛpaitāmaham mama
vartamānasya me dharme sve manyum mā kṛthāḥ dvija

19. The hunter (vyādha) said: 'This occupation (karma) of mine is appropriate for my family, inherited from my father and grandfather. Do not be angry, O Brahmin (dvija), with me who am engaged in my own proper duty (dharma).'

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - the hunter

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• कुलोचितम् (kulocitam) - fitting for the family, hereditary, suitable for one's lineage

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कर्म (karma) - occupation, profession (action, deed, occupation (karma))

• पितृपैतामहम् (pitṛpaitāmaham) - ancestral, inherited from father and grandfather

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of me who am engaged (in my duty) (of one who is existing, of one who is acting, of one who is engaged)

• मे (me) - my, of me

• धर्मे (dharme) - in my proper duty (dharma) (in the duty, in the natural law (dharma))

• स्वे (sve) - in one's own, in my own

• मन्युम् (manyum) - anger, wrath, displeasure

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you make, you do

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (dvija) (O twice-born one, O Brahmin)

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - the hunter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler, fowler's dog

From root vyadh (to pierce, strike)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root vac (2nd class verb) in the 3rd person singular, active voice, perfect tense (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

कुलोचितम् (kulocitam) - fitting for the family, hereditary, suitable for one's lineage

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kulocita

kulocita - fitting for the family, hereditary, customary for a caste

Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+ucita)

• kula – family, lineage, race, community
  noun (neuter)
• ucita – proper, suitable, fit, accustomed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vac (to speak), past participle of uc (to be accustomed)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (near the speaker), here

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'karma'

कर्म (karma) - occupation, profession (action, deed, occupation (karma))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of actions (karma)

From root kṛ (to do, make) + suffix -man

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti' (is)

पितृपैतामहम् (pitṛpaitāmaham) - ancestral, inherited from father and grandfather

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pitṛpaitāmaha

pitṛpaitāmaha - inherited from father and grandfather, ancestral

Compound type : dvandva (pitṛ+paitāmaha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• paitāmaha – grandfathers', paternal, ancestral
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from pitāmaha (grandfather)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Personal pronoun, genitive singular

Note: Modifies 'karma'

वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of me who am engaged (in my duty) (of one who is existing, of one who is acting, of one who is engaged)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, engaged in

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) (1st class verb) + suffix -māna

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied pronoun for 'me' (myself)

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Personal pronoun, genitive singular (enclitic form)

Note: Possessive modifying 'dharme' and agreeing with 'vartamānasya'

धर्मे (dharme) - in my proper duty (dharma) (in the duty, in the natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature, religion, constitution (dharma)

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + suffix -man

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place/state

स्वे (sve) - in one's own, in my own

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, own (adjective/pronoun); wealth, property (noun)

Reflexive possessive pronoun/adjective

Note: Agrees with 'dharme'

मन्युम् (manyum) - anger, wrath, displeasure

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - wrath, anger, passion, spirit

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'kṛthāḥ'

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Particle used with the Aorist or Injunctive for prohibition

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you make, you do

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Tense

Root kṛ (8th class verb) in the 2nd person singular, middle voice, aorist tense (luṅ), injunctive use with mā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition

द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (dvija) (O twice-born one, O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); bird; tooth

Derived from dvi (twice) and root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Address to the Brahmin