महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-5

अतिक्रामन्नरण्यानि ग्रामांश्च नगराणि च ।
ततो जगाम मिथिलां जनकेन सुरक्षिताम् ॥५॥

5. atikrāmannaraṇyāni grāmāṁśca nagarāṇi ca ,
tato jagāma mithilāṁ janakena surakṣitām.

5. atikrāman araṇyāni grāmān ca nagarāṇi ca
tataḥ jagāma mithilām janakena surakṣitām

5. Passing through forests, villages, and cities, he then reached Mithila, which was well-protected by Janaka.

Words meanings summery:

• अतिक्रामन् (atikrāman) - passing over, crossing, transgressing

• अरण्यानि (araṇyāni) - forests, wildernesses

• ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

• च (ca) - and, also

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

• च (ca) - and, also

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

• मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - Mithila

• जनकेन (janakena) - by Janaka

• सुरक्षिताम् (surakṣitām) - well-protected, thoroughly guarded

Words meanings and morphology

अतिक्रामन् (atikrāman) - passing over, crossing, transgressing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atikrāman

atikrāman - passing over, overcoming, transgressing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √kram with prefix ati, present stem kraman, nominative singular masculine form.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Used here as an agent noun or an adjective modifying an implied subject (he).

अरण्यानि (araṇyāni) - forests, wildernesses

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, desert

ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāma

grāma - village, community, multitude

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of gam

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect (Lit), 3rd person singular active.

Root: gam (class 1)

मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - Mithila

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mithilā

mithilā - Mithila (name of a city)

जनकेन (janakena) - by Janaka

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (proper name), father, progenitor

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent in passive construction (surakṣitām).

सुरक्षिताम् (surakṣitām) - well-protected, thoroughly guarded

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of surakṣitā

surakṣita - well-guarded, well-preserved, well-protected

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √rakṣ with prefix su- and suffix -ita.

Prefix: su

Root: rakṣ (class 1)