महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-45

महादृतिरिवाध्मातः पापो भवति नित्यदा ।
मूढानामवलिप्तानामसारं भाषितं भवेत् ।
दर्शयत्यन्तरात्मानं दिवा रूपमिवांशुमान् ॥४५॥

45. mahādṛtirivādhmātaḥ pāpo bhavati nityadā ,
mūḍhānāmavaliptānāmasāraṁ bhāṣitaṁ bhavet ,
darśayatyantarātmānaṁ divā rūpamivāṁśumān.

45. mahādṛtiḥ iva ādhmātaḥ pāpaḥ bhavati
nityadā mūḍhānām avaliptānām
asāram bhāṣitam bhavet darśayati
antarātmānam divā rūpam iva aṃśumān

45. A person inflated with pride, like a large blown-up leather bag, always becomes sinful. The speech of the foolish and arrogant is worthless. One reveals their inner self (ātman) just as the sun (aṃśumān) reveals its form by day.

Words meanings summery:

• महादृतिः (mahādṛtiḥ) - large leather bag/bellows

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• आध्मातः (ādhmātaḥ) - inflated, puffed up, proud

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful, evil, wicked

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

• नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, constantly

• मूढानाम् (mūḍhānām) - of the foolish, of the ignorant

• अवलिप्तानाम् (avaliptānām) - of the arrogant, of the proud

• असारम् (asāram) - worthless, insubstantial, essenceless

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, speech, words

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it may be, it should be, it would be

• दर्शयति (darśayati) - shows, reveals, makes visible

• अन्तरात्मानम् (antarātmānam) - inner self (ātman), innermost being

• दिवा (divā) - by day, in the daytime

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, nature

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• अंशुमान् (aṁśumān) - the sun (literally 'having rays')

Words meanings and morphology

महादृतिः (mahādṛtiḥ) - large leather bag/bellows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādṛti

mahādṛti - large leather bag, a large bellows

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+dṛti)

• mahā – great, large, big
  adjective
• dṛti – leather bag, bellows, water-skin
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dṝ (class 9)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

आध्मातः (ādhmātaḥ) - inflated, puffed up, proud

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ādhmāta

ādhmāta - blown into, inflated, swollen, proud, arrogant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `dhmā` with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhmā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'person'.

पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful, evil, wicked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, bad, sinful, crime, sin

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, happens, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Present active indicative

3rd person singular, present tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

`dā` suffix indicates 'at all times' or 'in all circumstances'

मूढानाम् (mūḍhānām) - of the foolish, of the ignorant

(noun)

Genitive, plural of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, ignorant, bewildered, dull-witted

Past Passive Participle

Root `muh` + `kta` suffix.

Root: muh (class 4)

अवलिप्तानाम् (avaliptānām) - of the arrogant, of the proud

(noun)

Genitive, plural of avalipta

avalipta - smeared, anointed, proud, arrogant, haughty

Past Passive Participle

From root `lip` with prefix `ava`.

Prefix: ava

Root: lip (class 6)

असारम् (asāram) - worthless, insubstantial, essenceless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asāra

asāra - essenceless, worthless, unsubstantial, weak, vain

Compound `na` + `sāra` (nañ tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : nañ tatpuruṣa (a+sāra)

• a – non-, un-, without
  prefix (indeclinable)
• sāra – essence, substance, strength, worth
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `bhāṣitam`.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, speech, words

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, speech, word, language

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `bhāṣ`.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

भवेत् (bhavet) - it may be, it should be, it would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative/Potential mood

3rd person singular, optative active

Root: bhū (class 1)

दर्शयति (darśayati) - shows, reveals, makes visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Causative present active indicative

3rd person singular, causative present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अन्तरात्मानम् (antarātmānam) - inner self (ātman), innermost being

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - the inner soul, the innermost self (ātman), the conscience

Compound `antara` + `ātman`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antara+ātman)

• antara – inner, internal, within, intermediate
  adjective/indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, mind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `darśayati`.

दिवा (divā) - by day, in the daytime

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of `div` used as an indeclinable adverb.

Root: div (class 4)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, nature

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, nature, image

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce the simile.

अंशुमान् (aṁśumān) - the sun (literally 'having rays')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṃśumat

aṁśumat - having rays, radiant, the sun

`matup` suffix.

Note: Subject of the simile.