महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
चिन्तयित्वा तदाश्चर्यं स्त्रिया प्रोक्तमशेषतः ।
विनिन्दन्स द्विजोऽऽत्मानमागस्कृत इवाबभौ ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
cintayitvā tadāścaryaṁ striyā proktamaśeṣataḥ ,
vinindansa dvijo''tmānamāgaskṛta ivābabhau.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca cintayitvā tat āścaryam striyā proktam
aśeṣataḥ vinindan saḥ dvijaḥ ātmanam āgaskṛtaḥ iva ababhau

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Having thoroughly pondered that astonishing account given by the woman, that Brahmin appeared like one who had committed a transgression, reproaching himself (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having pondered, having thought, having considered

• तत् (tat) - that

• आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder, astonishing thing, marvel

• स्त्रिया (striyā) - by the woman

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - spoken, declared, told

• अशेषतः (aśeṣataḥ) - entirely, completely, without remainder

• विनिन्दन् (vinindan) - censuring, reproaching, blaming

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born, a Brahmin

• आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - himself, the self (ātman)

• आगस्कृतः (āgaskṛtaḥ) - one who has committed an offense, a transgressor

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अबभौ (ababhau) - appeared, shone, looked

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' (2nd conjugation), perfect 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having pondered, having thought, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from the causative stem of root 'cit' (10th conjugation), followed by the suffix -tvā

Root: cit (class 10)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Adjectivally modifies 'āścaryam'.

आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder, astonishing thing, marvel

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āścarya

āścarya - wonder, astonishment, marvel

Note: Object of 'cintayitvā'.

स्त्रिया (striyā) - by the woman

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Agent of the past passive participle 'proktam'.

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - spoken, declared, told

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pro-vac

pro-vac - to speak forth, to declare, to tell

Past Passive Participle

upasarga 'pra' + root 'vac'

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'āścaryam'.

अशेषतः (aśeṣataḥ) - entirely, completely, without remainder

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas indicating 'from' or 'in respect of', here 'completely'

Note: Qualifies 'cintayitvā' and 'proktam'.

विनिन्दन् (vinindan) - censuring, reproaching, blaming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinind

vinind - to censure, to blame, to reprove

Present Active Participle

upasarga 'vi' + root 'nind' (1st conjugation)

Prefix: vi

Root: nind (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'dvijaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to 'dvijaḥ'.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born, a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jan – to be born, to produce
  root
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - himself, the self (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Object of 'vinindan'.

आगस्कृतः (āgaskṛtaḥ) - one who has committed an offense, a transgressor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgaskṛta

āgaskṛta - one who has committed an offense, a transgressor, guilty

Compound type : tatpurusha (āgas+kṛta)

• āgas – offense, fault, transgression
  noun (neuter)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective, describing 'dvijaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अबभौ (ababhau) - appeared, shone, looked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of bhā

Perfect Active

root 'bhā' (2nd conjugation), perfect 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.